Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in . gov or . mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. VSports app下载.

Https

The site is secure V体育官网. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. .

Review
. 2024 Apr 11:18:1370406.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1370406. eCollection 2024.

"V体育官网入口" IL-1β, the first piece to the puzzle of sepsis-related cognitive impairment?

Qing Zhu #  1 , Li Wan #  2 , Han Huang  1 , Zhimin Liao  1
Affiliations
Review

"VSports在线直播" IL-1β, the first piece to the puzzle of sepsis-related cognitive impairment?

Qing Zhu et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Sepsis is a leading cause of death resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent. Multiple organ injuries, including brain injuries, are common in sepsis. The underlying mechanism of sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which is associated with neuroinflammation, is not yet fully understood. Recent studies suggest that the release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) following activation of microglial cells plays a crucial role in the development of long-lasting neuroinflammation after the initial sepsis episode. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the recent literature on the molecular signaling pathways involved in microglial cell activation and interleukin-1β release. It also explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of IL-1β in cognitive function, with a particular focus on its contribution to long-lasting neuroinflammation after sepsis. The findings from this review may assist healthcare providers in developing novel interventions against SAE. VSports手机版.

Keywords: IL-1β; cognitive impairment; microglia activate; sepsis; sepsis-associated encephalopathy V体育安卓版. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

"VSports最新版本" Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The NF-κB pathway in activation of microglia, inflammasomes formation and production of IL-1β. Stimulates like IL-1β, LPS, DAMPs trigger the canonical pathway, TNF-α and CD40 activate the noncanonical pathway, both pathways activate the NF-κB complex and causes nuclear transcription of NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β. NLRP3 assembles into inflammasome and activates caspase-1, finally leads to release of mature IL-1β. Many molecules in various signaling pathways can negatively regulate the NF-B pathway and inhibit the activation of microglia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of IL-1β on neuron development and synapse formation. Excessive IL-1β suppresses the formation of dendrites and dendritic spines, which results in a reduction of the complexity of dendrites and the density of spines. It also inhibits the expression of myelination protein, resulting in axonal hypomyelination (A). IL-1β suppresses expression of receptors and release of excitatory neurotransmitters, culminating in inhibition of the glutamatergic system and cholinergic system (B). IL-1β increases the expression of the GABA receptor and the release of GABA. IL-1β interferes with chloride homeostasis by changing NKCC1/KCC2, which delays the E/I switch (C).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The feed-forward loop in chronic neuroinflammation. Elevated IL-1β induces neuronal death, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, leading to the release of DAMPs, which in turn activate microglia and result in more IL-1β release and chronic neuroinflammation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Annane D., Sharshar T. (2015). Cognitive decline after sepsis. Lancet Respir. Med. 3, 61–69. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70246-2 - VSports注册入口 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Armstrong N., Jasti J., Beich-Frandsen M., Gouaux E. (2006). Measurement of conformational changes accompanying desensitization in an ionotropic glutamate receptor. Cell 127, 85–97. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.037, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Avital A., Goshen I., Kamsler A., Segal M., Iverfeldt K., Richter-Levin G., et al. . (2003). Impaired interleukin-1 signaling is associated with deficits in hippocampal memory processes and neural plasticity. Hippocampus 13, 826–834. doi: 10.1002/hipo.10135, PMID: - DOI (VSports app下载) - PubMed
    1. Benfante R., Di Lascio S., Cardani S., Fornasari D. (2021). Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway: a new therapeutic perspective in aging-related disorders. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 33, 823–834. doi: 10.1007/s40520-019-01359-4, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Boche D., Perry V. H., Nicoll J. A. (2013). Review: activation patterns of microglia and their identification in the human brain. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 39, 3–18. doi: 10.1111/nan.12011, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

"VSports最新版本" Publication types

LinkOut - more resources