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. 2018 May 30;3(3):e00140-18.
doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00140-18. Print 2018 Jun 27.

"V体育官网" The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

Sarah O'Flaherty  1 , Alexandra Briner Crawley  1 , Casey M Theriot  2 , Rodolphe Barrangou  3
Affiliations

The VSports手机版 - Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

V体育安卓版 - Sarah O'Flaherty et al. mSphere. .

VSports - Abstract

Various Lactobacillus species have been reported to deconjugate bile acids in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) through the action of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) proteins. This function contributes to altering the gut microbiota composition and bile metabolism and detoxification and to lowering cholesterol levels. Here, we investigated the Lactobacillus BSH repertoire across 170 sequenced species VSports手机版. We used hidden Markov models to distinguish between BSH and closely related penicillin-V acylase (PVA) proteins. Even though BSH and PVA proteins have very different target substrates, they share high sequence similarity and are often misannotated. We determined that 82/170 (48. 24%) species encoded PVA proteins, 39/170 (22. 94%) species encoded BSH proteins, and 8/170 (4. 71%) species encoded both BSH and PVA proteins, while 57/170 (33. 53%) species encoded neither. Mapping the occurrence of BSH-encoding species onto a phylogenetic tree revealed that BSH-encoding lactobacilli primarily adopt the vertebrate-adapted lifestyle but not the environmental or plant-associated subsets. Phylogenetic analysis of the BSH sequences revealed two distinct clades, several conserved motifs, and the presence of six previously reported active-site residues. These data will guide future mechanistic studies of BSH activity and contribute to the development and selection of BSH-encoding Lactobacillus strains with therapeutic potential. IMPORTANCE Bile acids play an integral role in shaping the gut microbiota and host physiology by regulating metabolic signaling, weight gain, and serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels. Given these important roles of bile acids, we investigated the presence of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillus genomes representing 170 different species, determined strain- and species-specific patterns of occurrences, and expanded on the diversity of the BSH repertoire in this genus. While our data showed that 28% of Lactobacillus species encode BSH proteins, these species are associated mainly with vertebrate-adapted niches, demonstrating selective pressure on lactobacilli to evolve to adapt to specific environments. These new data will allow targeted selection of specific strains of lactobacilli and BSH proteins for future mechanistic studies to explore their therapeutic potential for treating metabolic disorders. .

Keywords: Lactobacillus; bile acid; bile salt hydrolase; gastrointestinal tract; niche; penicillin V acylase; probiotic; therapeutic. V体育安卓版.

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"VSports注册入口" Figures

FIG 1
FIG 1
Phylogenetic tree of 170 Lactobacillus species. A phylogenetic tree was constructed for 170 representative Lactobacillus species based on the pyruvate kinase gene sequence for each genome. The colors of the groups follow those previously described (38): Lactobacillus animalis group is indicated in purple, Lactobacillus vaginalis group in green, Lactobacillus buchneri group in red, Lactobacillus rhamnosus group in yellow, Lactobacillus acidophilus group in maroon, and Lactobacillus gasseri group in blue. The inner metadata layer maps lifestyle designations as described by Duar et al. (20). The outer metadata layer maps the presence or absence of BSH and PVA proteins with respect to each of the 170 Lactobacillus species. Details of the reference strains used for each species and the metadata are located in Table S1.
FIG 2
FIG 2
BSH phylogenetic tree for lactobacilli. A representative BSH protein from each of the 57 CD-HIT clusters was used in an alignment that was subsequently used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Each cluster is named in accordance with the BSH-containing species as indicated. Details of these clusters and strains can be found in Table S3. The number of strains per cluster is indicated in the metadata (Table 2). The bootstrap values are shown at the nodes. The two major clades are shown in black and green.
FIG 3
FIG 3
Conservation analysis of the BSH amino acid sequence. The alignment of the representative BSH proteins from the 57 clusters from the clustered data set was analyzed for conserved amino acid motifs. A conservation score of 0.75 or higher is indicated by a dashed red line. Motifs and conserved amino acids are indicated by the WebLogo. An asterisk indicates the previously described conserved active-site residues.
FIG 4
FIG 4
Transcriptional profiles of the bsh genes and surrounding genes for (A) L. acidophilus (Lac) NCFM bshA (LBA0892) and bshB (LBA1078), (B) L. gasseri (Lga) ATCC 33323 bsh1 (LGAS_RS00260) and bsh2 (LGAS_RS04710), and (C) L. gasseri JV-V03 bsh1 (HMPREF0514_RS02865) and bsh2 (HMPREF0514_RS03900). The red arrows indicate the bsh genes, the black arrows indicate the enolase genes, and the gray arrows indicate other genes. The genome coordinates for each segment of the genome are indicated for each region.
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"VSports" References

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