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. 2018 Feb;15(2):2156-2164.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2017.5621. Epub 2017 Dec 12.

Tangshen formula improves inflammation in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy through SIRT1/NF-κB pathway

Yue-Guang Du  1 , Ke-Na Zhang  1 , Zong-Lei Gao  2 , Fengjiao Dai  2 , Xi-Xi Wu  2 , Ke-Fu Chai  2
Affiliations

Tangshen formula improves inflammation in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy through SIRT1/NF-κB pathway

"V体育官网入口" Yue-Guang Du et al. Exp Ther Med. 2018 Feb.

Abstract

The present study investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of Tangshen formula (TS) in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN). A rat model of DN was established by intraperitoneal injection of 1% (40 mg/kg) streptozotocin and administration of a high fat and glucose diet. Subsequently, SD rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=8): A DN group, a valsartan group, a high-dose TS group, a middle-dose TS group, a low-dose TS group and a control group with normal SD rats. Once rats received their allocated treatment for 12 weeks, body weight and kidney weight were recorded, and fasting blood glucose, ratio of urinary protein, β2-MG and creatinine clearance rate were determined. Furthermore, hemodynamic indices, including plasma viscosity and whole blood reduction viscosity were detected. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the infiltration of macrophages in the kidneys of rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to investigate the activation; mRNA and protein expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) in each group. In comparison with the DN group, each biochemical indicator of rats in the high-dose TS group was significantly decreased (P<0. 05). Blood viscosity in each treatment group was significantly decreased when compared with the DN group (P<0. 01). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that the infiltration of macrophages was significantly decreased in the high-dose TS group when compared with the DN group (P<0. 01). mRNA and protein expression levels of MCP-1 and MIF in the high-dose TS group were significantly decreased when compared with the DN group (P<0 VSports手机版. 05). In the treatment groups, SITR1 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased, whereas the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB were significantly decreased (P<0. 01). Western blotting results indicated a significant decrease in the protein expression levels of acetylated NF-κB in the treatment groups when compared with the DN group (P<0. 01) and the propensity of protein expression of the other inflammatory factors were consistent with the mRNA findings. The results of the high-dose TS group were similar to those of the valsartan group. The present study indicates that TS was able to activate SITR1, which lead to NF-κB deacetylation, thus reducing the release of inflammatory factors and decreasing the severity of diabetic nephropathy. .

Keywords: Tangshen formula; diabetic nephropathy; macrophages; nuclear factor-κB; sirtuin V体育安卓版. .

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Periodic Schiff reaction staining of the pathological changes in the kidneys of rats in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group. The arrow indicates the thickened basement membrane in the DN group. Scale bar, 50 µm. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Envision method immunohistochemical staining of the expression of microphages in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group. Arrows indicate the infiltrated macrophages in different group. Scale bar, 50 µm. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Protein expression levels of MCP-1 and MIF in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group were detected by (A) western blotting. (B) Relative protein expression levels of MCP-1 and MIF in all groups. Data are presented as the mean + standard error of the mean. ▲▲P<0.01 vs. control, ※※P<0.01 vs. DN group. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
mRNA expression levels of MCP-1 and MIF in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group. Data are presented as the mean + standard error of the mean. ▲▲P<0.01 vs. control, ※※P<0.01 vs. DN group. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIF, macrophage migration inhibitory factor.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Protein expression levels of SIRT1 and NF-κB in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group were detected by (A) western blotting. (B) Relative protein expression levels of SIRT1 and NF-κB in all groups. Data are presented as the mean + standard error of the mean. ▲▲P<0.01 vs. control, ※※P<0.01 vs. DN group. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; SIRT1, sirtuin-1.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
mRNA expression levels of (A) SIRT1 and (B) NF-κB in the control group, DN group, TSLow group, TSMed group, TSHi group and valsartan group. Data are presented as the mean + standard error of the mean. ▲▲P<0.01 vs. control, ※※P<0.01 vs. DN group. TS, Tangshen; TSLow, low dose (6.5 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSMed, medium dose (13 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; TSHi, high dose of Tangshen formula (26 g/kg/day) of Tangshen formula; Valsartan, 25 mg/kg/day of valsartan; DN, diabetic nephropathy; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; SIRT1, sirtuin-1.
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