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Review
. 2015 May 26;20(6):9703-31.
doi: 10.3390/molecules20069703.

Multifunctional iron bound lactoferrin and nanomedicinal approaches to enhance its bioactive functions

Jagat R Kanwar  1 , Kislay Roy  2 , Yogesh Patel  3 , Shu-Feng Zhou  4 , Manju Rawat Singh  5 , Deependra Singh  6 , Muhammad Nasir  7 , Rakesh Sehgal  8 , Alka Sehgal  9 , Ram Sarup Singh  10 , Sanjay Garg  11 , Rupinder K Kanwar  12
Affiliations
Review

"V体育ios版" Multifunctional iron bound lactoferrin and nanomedicinal approaches to enhance its bioactive functions

Jagat R Kanwar et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding protein from the transferrin family has been reported to have numerous functions. Even though Lf was first isolated from milk, it is also found in most exocrine secretions and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity reports on lactoferrin identified its significance in host defense against infection and extreme inflammation. Anticarcinogenic reports on lactoferrin make this protein even more valuable VSports手机版. This review is focused on the structural configuration of iron-containing and iron-free forms of lactoferrin obtained from different sources such as goat, camel and bovine. Apart for emphasizing on the specific beneficial properties of lactoferrin from each of these sources, the general antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and anticancer activities of lactoferrin are discussed here. Implementation of nanomedicinial strategies that enhance the bioactive function of lactoferrin are also discussed, along with information on lactoferrin in clinical trials. .

Keywords: bovine; camel; cancer; immunity; lactoferrin; nanoparticles. V体育安卓版.

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"VSports最新版本" Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

"VSports注册入口" Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Lactoferrin and its functions. Lf from bovine source is a promising candidate as an anticancer agent [13,14]. Lf from goat source is still unexplored and not many studies have been conducted to determine its unknown therapeutic efficiency [15]. Lactoferrin is the focus of the recent interest. Lf from camel was found to be more effective against hepatitis [16] and diabetes [17], thus proving to be a broad spectrum therapeutic, antibacterial [18] protein. A very striking study on human lactoferrin has shown that it can be used as a diagnostic marker for various cancers. Moreover, Lf also boosts the host immune response [19,20] and is also known to have an anti-inflammatory activity [21].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Role of lactoferrin in the activation of immune cells. Lactoferrin modulates the differentiation, maturation, activation, migration, proliferation and function of immune cells. It also promotes the cell-cell interaction and activation of PMNs and NK cells, thus boosting the immune response [96,97,98].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Role of lactoferrin in the activation of immune cells. Lactoferrin enters in the intestinal microvilli through the help of lactoferrin receptors and transferrin receptors present on the mucosal surface of the intestinal cells. The lactoferrin molecule further boosts up the immune response due to IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6 and by activating NK cells, PMNs and CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. Finally the lactoferrin enters the cells by receptor mediated endocytosis where it is released within the cells once the receptors are digested by endosomes. The lactoferrin induces release of cytochrome C from mitochondria which further activates caspase 3 to cause apoptosis in tumour cells [41,117,118,119,120,121,127].
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References

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