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Review
. 2014 Nov 15;1(11):674-705.
doi: 10.18632/oncoscience.98. eCollection 2014.

Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer

Biagio Ricciuti  1 , Carmen Mecca  2 , Lucio Crinò  1 , Sara Baglivo  1 , Matteo Cenci  1 , Giulio Metro  1
Affiliations
Review

VSports在线直播 - Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer

Biagio Ricciuti et al. Oncoscience. .

Abstract

The discovery that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of all human genome, and the evidence that more than 90% of it is actively transcribed, changed the classical point of view of the central dogma of molecular biology, which was always based on the assumption that RNA functions mainly as an intermediate bridge between DNA sequences and protein synthesis machinery. Accumulating data indicates that non-coding RNAs are involved in different physiological processes, providing for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis VSports手机版. They are important regulators of gene expression, cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and stem cell maintenance. Alterations and disruptions of their expression or activity have increasingly been associated with pathological changes of cancer cells, this evidence and the prospect of using these molecules as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, make currently non-coding RNAs among the most relevant molecules in cancer research. In this paper we will provide an overview of non-coding RNA function and disruption in lung cancer biology, also focusing on their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. .

Keywords: biomarkers; lung cancer; non-coding RNAs; targeted therapy V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. MicroRNAs biogenesis and function
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II/III and produce intermediate primary transcripts termed pri-miRNAs, which subsequently undergo a nuclear cleavage by a multiprotein complex (Drosha/DGCR8) leading to the genesis of pre-miRNAs. Pre-miRNAs are transported to cytoplasm by the RAN GTP-dependent transporter exportin 5 and are further processed by the enzyme Dicer, resulting into a 22 nucleotide long miRNA duplex formed by a passenger strand and a guide strand. Only the guide strand, which results in 18–25 nucleotide long mature miRNA duplex, becomes part of the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) and mediates gene silencing by interfering with translational process or inducing mRNA degradation and storage into the P-bodies.
Figure 2
Figure 2. SiRNAs mechanism of action
The RNA-interference mediated knockdown of gene expression in mammalian cells is based on the introduction of synthetic double-stranded siRNAs or plasmid and viral vector systems expressing double-stranded short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) that are processed by the cellular machinery into siRNAs. Once loaded into Argonaute 2 (Ago2), the guide strand is incorporated in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), leading to a sequence-specific degradation of complementary target mRNAs.
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