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. 2010 Aug;2(8):1704-1717.
doi: 10.3390/v2081704. Epub 2010 Aug 17.

Dendritic Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection

David McDonald  1
Affiliations

Dendritic Cells and HIV-1 Trans-Infection

David McDonald. Viruses. 2010 Aug.

Abstract

Dendritic cells initiate and sustain immune responses by migrating to sites of pathogenic insult, transporting antigens to lymphoid tissues and signaling immune specific activation of T cells through the formation of the immunological synapse. Dendritic cells can also transfer intact, infectious HIV-1 to CD4 T cells through an analogous structure, the infectious synapse VSports手机版. This replication independent mode of HIV-1 transmission, known as trans-infection, greatly increases T cell infection in vitro and is thought to contribute to viral dissemination in vivo. This review outlines the recent data defining the mechanisms of trans-infection and provides a context for the potential contribution of trans-infection in HIV-1 disease. .

Keywords: C-type lectin receptor; antigen presentation; infectious synapse; myeloid dendritic cell; trans-infection. V体育安卓版.

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"VSports" Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
HIV-1 is sequestered into a distinct subcellular compartment in mature dendritic cells. A-B. Distribution of HIV-1 (green) in immature (a) and LPS matured (b) MDDCs. Images are whole cell volume rendered z-stacks, actin cytoskeleton (red) nuclear DNA (blue). C-D. Fluorescent 3D (c) and single z-plane (d) images of a mature DC harboring HIV-1 (green) stained for MHC-II (blue) and CD86 (red). Inset (d) shows magnified HIV-1 compartment. Bars, 5 μm.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
HIV-1 is trapped within surface-accessible membrane invaginations. a. Thin section transmission electron micrograph of a mature DC with HIV-1 particles trapped within apparent membrane folds. Cells were pulsed with HIV-1LAI, fixed, prepared and sectioned for TEM. b. Magnified view of boxed area in a. Bars, 1 μm (a), .2 μm (b).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Models of immature and mature DC mediated trans-infection. a. The majority of HIV-1 bound by immature DCs is endocytosed, processed and presented as MHC-II/peptide complexes. HIV-1 remaining on the DC surface can be transmitted at the infectious synapse. b. Mature DCs concentrate viral particles within membrane folds. HIV-1 can emerge from the pocket structure after engaging CD4 on interacting T cells. CLR, C-type lectin receptor; CK-R, Chemokine receptor. Adapted from [54].
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