Bile Acid Administration Elicits an Intestinal Antimicrobial Program and Reduces the Bacterial Burden in Two Mouse Models of Enteric Infection

Emerging roles of bile acids in mucosal immunity and inflammation

Chen1, Takeda2, Sundrud3 2019Mucosal Immunology27482160Get access via publisherAdd to dashboardCite Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. Show abstract Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. show abstract“…First, BAs present in bile fluid in vivo exist as mixed micelles, together with phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids, and bilirubin; the bacteriostatic functions of BAs are enhanced in the presence of other bile constituents, particularly long-chain fatty acids. 72,73 Second, recent studies have revealed that BA-dependent FXR activation in IECs promotes antimicrobial peptide expression. 35,74,75 Thus, the antimicrobial effects of BAs in vivo, as well as their immunoregulatory functions (described below), likely involve a number of synergistic mechanisms. …”Section: Introductionmentioningconfidence: 99%

Emerging roles of bile acids in mucosal immunity and inflammation

Chen1, Takeda2, Sundrud3 2019Mucosal Immunology27482160Get access via publisherAdd to dashboardCite Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD) VSports app下载. Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. Show abstract Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. show abstract“…These values are not absolute, though, as person-to-person variations in bile acid levels exist due to factors such as dietary intake [ 3 ]. In addition to their classical roles as detergents to aid in the process of digestion, bile acids are an important antimicrobial agent in the mammal gut [ 4 ]. Their antimicrobial mechanisms include inducing membrane damage, disturbing macromolecule stability [ 5 ], and dissipating the bacterial transmembrane electrical potential [ 6 ]. …”Section: Introductionmentioningconfidence: 99%

Bile acid patterns in commercially available oxgall powders used for the evaluation of the bile tolerance ability of potential probiotics (VSports)

Hu1, Yuan2, Yue3 et al. 2018PLoS ONE431270Get access via publisherAdd to dashboardCite Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. Show abstract Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. show abstract“…The dysbiosis in alcohol-fed animals with the ensuing increase in inflammation in the liver and intestines could be related to alcohol-associated repression of BAinducible antibacterial lectins and peptides through FXR activation. (7) Inflammation may quench the BA-associated FXR activation, possibly by c-Jun Nterminal kinase pathway activation by proinflammatory cytokines that results in inhibition of the AKT (insulin signaling) pathway. (8) The AKT pathway activates protein kinase C zeta, which has been reported to phosphorylate and activate FXR, allowing the induction of FXR target genes FGF-15, small heterodimeric partner, and others. …”mentioningconfidence: 99%

Gut–liver axis alterations in alcoholic liver disease: Are bile acids the answer?

Bajaj1, Hylemon2 2018Hepatology231130Get access via publisherAdd to dashboardCite Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. Show abstract Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task. Scite is an AI-powered research tool that helps researchers better discover and evaluate scientific literature through Smart Citations—a revolutionary system that shows whether articles support, contrast, or simply mention a given claim. Founded in 2018, and now part of Research Solutions, Scite has indexed over 1. 3 billion citations and partnered with more than 30 major publishers to provide researchers with unparalleled access to scientific literature. With its Scite Assistant, Smart Citation Index, and advanced search capabilities, the platform addresses critical challenges such as information overload and research reproducibility. Trusted by two million active users worldwide, Scite is reshaping how researchers interact with scholarly content—building ethical, transparent AI tools that support rigorous, copyright-compliant research.