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Review
. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2221821.
doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2221821.

Altered intestinal microbiome and epithelial damage aggravate intestinal graft-versus-host disease

Fei Gao  1   2   3   4 , Hengwei Wu  1   2   3   4 , Limengmeng Wang  1   2   3   4 , Yanmin Zhao  1   2   3   4 , He Huang  1   2   3   4
Affiliations
Review

Altered intestinal microbiome and epithelial damage aggravate intestinal graft-versus-host disease

"VSports app下载" Fei Gao et al. Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Despite significant achievements in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), especially intestinal GVHD, remains a major obstacle to this procedure. GVHD has long been regarded as a pathogenic immune response, and the intestine has been simply considered as a target of immune attack. In effect, multiple factors contribute to intestinal damage after transplantation. Impaired intestinal homeostasis including altered intestinal microbiome and epithelial damage results in delayed wound healing, amplified immune response and sustained tissue destruction, and it may not fully recover following immunosuppression. In this review, we summarize factors leading to intestinal damage and discuss the relationship between intestinal damage and GVHD VSports手机版. We also describe the great potential of remodeling intestinal homeostasis in GVHD management. .

Keywords: graft-versus-host disease; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; intestinal epithelium; intestinal microbiome. V体育安卓版.

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"VSports注册入口" Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

"VSports" Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Intestinal epithelium in homeostasis and GVHD. a. The intestinal epithelium comprises crypts and villus. A mucous layer separates epithelial cells and intestinal bacteria, which is indispensable to intestinal homeostasis. ISCs give rise to all kinds of epithelial cells, and the activities of ISCs are tightly regulated by various cells and signals; b. Conditioning regimens induce epithelial damage and dysbiosis. Antibiotics and diet further affect the microbiome components and metabolites. Accumulated DAMPs and PAMPs activate the innate immune system and trigger donor lymphocyte infiltration, leading to impaired ISC niche and sustained tissue damage.(ISC, intestinal stem cell; EP, enterocyte progenitor; SP, secretory progenitor; EC, enterocyte; PC, Paneth cell; GC, goblet cell; EEC, enteroendocrine cell; TC, tuft cell; Mø, macrophage; Neu, neutrophil; Lym, lymphocyte; APC, antigen-presenting cell; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; BA, bile acid; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; PAMPs, pathogen-associated molecular patterns.).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Outstanding issues and treatment strategies for GVHD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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