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. 2022 May 24;11(11):1542.
doi: 10.3390/foods11111542.

Amelioration of Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Targeted Rectal and Colonic Delivery of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside

Jie Li  1 , Chao Zou  2 , Yixiang Liu  1   3
Affiliations

Amelioration of Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy in Mice by Targeted Rectal and Colonic Delivery of Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside

Jie Li et al. Foods. .

Abstract

Targeted rectal and colonic delivery is an effective strategy to exploit the biological functions of polyphenols. This work investigated the anti-food allergy (FA) activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) delivered by enteric sodium alginate in vivo VSports手机版. The results showed that through targeted rectal and colonic delivery, the C3G showed better results in ameliorating clinical allergic symptoms, diarrhea, and serological indicators including ovalbumin-specific IgE, histamine, and mast cell protease-1. The C3G was more efficient in enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier by up-regulating the tight junction protein expression and promoting secretory IgA and β-defensin secretion. The improved bioactivity in regulating T helper (Th)1/Th2 immune balance in the intestinal mucosa was also observed. Compared with the intestinal microbiota structure of the model group, targeted rectal and colonic delivery of C3G was able to bring the abundance of Bacteroidota and Firmicutes close to the levels found in normal mice. Furthermore, there was an evident increase in beneficial bacteria in the intestinal flora, such as Lactobacillus and Odoribacter, and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria like Helicobacter and Turicibacter. Therefore, the anti-FA activity of C3G could be increased via targeted rectal and colonic delivery, while the mechanism might be attributed to the regulation of intestinal microecological homeostasis. .

Keywords: cyanidin-3-O-glucoside; food allergy; intestinal barrier; intestinal microbiome; ovalbumin V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The protocol for the FA model.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the allergic response. (A) The scores of the anaphylactic symptoms. (B) The rectal temperature of the mice 0 to 1 h after the last challenge. (C) Anal, fecal, and intestinal content observations. (D) Serum OVA-specific IgE. (E) Serum histamine. (F) Serum mMCP-. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the allergic response. (A) The scores of the anaphylactic symptoms. (B) The rectal temperature of the mice 0 to 1 h after the last challenge. (C) Anal, fecal, and intestinal content observations. (D) Serum OVA-specific IgE. (E) Serum histamine. (F) Serum mMCP-. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the physical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. (A) H&E-stained cecum sections. Red arrows indicate mucosal atrophy and edema, and black arrows indicate crypt hyperplasia. (B) SEM observation of the cecum villi. (C) The V/C ratio. (D) Intestinal Na+-K+-ATPase activity. (E) Occludin expression. (F) Claudin-1 expression. (G) ZO-1 expression. (H) Serum D-lactic acid. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the physical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. (A) H&E-stained cecum sections. Red arrows indicate mucosal atrophy and edema, and black arrows indicate crypt hyperplasia. (B) SEM observation of the cecum villi. (C) The V/C ratio. (D) Intestinal Na+-K+-ATPase activity. (E) Occludin expression. (F) Claudin-1 expression. (G) ZO-1 expression. (H) Serum D-lactic acid. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the chemical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. (A) Photomicrographs of a PAS-stained colon section. (B) Goblet cells per unit length (100 μm). (C) The mucin area ratio of the mucus layer. (D) The mucin-2 levels in the mucus layer. (E,F) The β-defensin and sIgA levels in the mucus layer. (G) The intestinal IL-18 levels. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the chemical barrier function of the intestinal epithelium. (A) Photomicrographs of a PAS-stained colon section. (B) Goblet cells per unit length (100 μm). (C) The mucin area ratio of the mucus layer. (D) The mucin-2 levels in the mucus layer. (E,F) The β-defensin and sIgA levels in the mucus layer. (G) The intestinal IL-18 levels. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on the intestinal immune-related cytokines. (A) IFN-γ. (B) IL-4. (C) TNF-α. (D) IL-10. (E) IL-22. Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of the C3G-associated samples on microbial composition. (A) The rarefaction curves of the OTUs of each group. (B) The composition of the flora at the phylum level. (C) The composition of the flora at the genus level. (D–H) The relative abundance of the selected bacteria at the genus level ((D) Helicobacter. (E) Turicibacter. (F) Lactobacillus. (G) Alistipes. (H) Odoribacter). Significant differences (p < 0.05) are identified by different letters.
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