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Review
. 2021 Oct 22;22(21):11411.
doi: 10.3390/ijms222111411.

Triggers for the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Its Nutritional Regulation: Potential Therapeutic Applications of Ulcerative Colitis

Hu Liu  1 , Lee J Johnston  2 , Fenglai Wang  1 , Xi Ma  1
Affiliations
Review

Triggers for the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway and Its Nutritional Regulation: Potential Therapeutic Applications of Ulcerative Colitis

Hu Liu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

V体育ios版 - Abstract

Ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects millions of people worldwide, is characterized by extensive colonic injury involving mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a critical role in cellular protection against oxidant-induced stress. Antioxidant response element (ARE) is the binding site recognized by Nrf2 and leads to the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant proteins VSports手机版. The Nrf2/ARE system is a key factor for preventing and resolving tissue injury and inflammation in disease conditions such as UC. Researchers have proposed that both Keap1-dependent and Keap1-independent cascades contribute positive effects on activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge on mechanisms controlling the activation process. We will further review nutritional compounds that can modulate activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and may be used as potential therapeutic application of UC. These comprehensive data will help us to better understand the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway and promote its effective application in response to common diseases induced by oxidative stress and inflammation. .

Keywords: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; antioxidant response element; nuclear factor E2-related factor 2; nutritional regulation; ulcerative colitis V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Hypothetic mechanisms involved in oxidative stress-induced ulcerative colitis, which may lead to colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Oxidative stress develops as the inflammatory cells, neutrophils, and macrophages produce large amounts of ROS, which are associated with the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The role of Nrf2/ARE pathway in antioxidant response and its regulatory mechanism. In unstressed condition, Nrf2 synthesized in the cell is primarily bound to a complex with Keap1 and degraded by the 26S proteasomes. After oxidative or electrophilic stress, Keap1 molecules become saturated with Nrf2, and the number of newly synthesized, free Nrf2 is increased and promotes its translocation to the nucleus. In the nucleus, binding of Nrf2 to the ARE is facilitated and transcription of a wide variety of downstream are stimulated, which play an important role in cytoprotection and metabolism.
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VSports app下载 - References

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