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Review
. 2021 Oct 1;321(4):G355-G366.
doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00099.2021. Epub 2021 Aug 18.

Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels

Kinga Jaworska  1 , Mateusz Koper  1 , Marcin Ufnal  1
Affiliations
Review

Gut microbiota and renin-angiotensin system: a complex interplay at local and systemic levels

Kinga Jaworska et al. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. .

Abstract

Gut microbiota is a potent biological modulator of many physiological and pathological states. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), including the local gastrointestinal RAS (GI RAS), emerges as a potential mediator of microbiota-related effects. The RAS is involved in cardiovascular system homeostasis, water-electrolyte balance, intestinal absorption, glycemic control, inflammation, carcinogenesis, and aging-related processes. Ample evidence suggests a bidirectional interaction between the microbiome and RAS VSports手机版. On the one hand, gut bacteria and their metabolites may modulate GI and systemic RAS. On the other hand, changes in the intestinal habitat caused by alterations in RAS may shape microbiota metabolic activity and composition. Notably, the pharmacodynamic effects of the RAS-targeted therapies may be in part mediated by the intestinal RAS and changes in the microbiome. This review summarizes studies on gut microbiota and RAS physiology. Expanding the research on this topic may lay the foundation for new therapeutic paradigms in gastrointestinal diseases and multiple systemic disorders. .

Keywords: ACE2; bacterial metabolites; gastrointestinal RAS; microbiome; tissue RAS. V体育安卓版.

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Conflict of interest statement

No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Key interactions between gut microbiome and renin-angiotensin system (details are given in the text). ACE1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1; ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; ANG I, angiotensin I; ANG II, angiotensin II; ANG (1–7), angiotensin (1–7); AT1, type 1 angiotensin II receptor; AT2, type 2 angiotensin II receptor; BP, blood pressure; B0AT1; broad neutral amino acid transporter 1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MAS, Mas receptor; RAS, renin-angiotensin system; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids; TMA, trimethylamine; Trp, tryptophan.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Main pathways and effects of the gastrointestinal renin-angiotensin system. ACE 1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1; ACE 2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AT1R, type 1 angiotensin II receptor; AT2R, type 2 angiotensin II receptor; MAS, Mas receptor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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