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Review
. 2020 Dec 8:10:596197.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.596197. eCollection 2020.

V体育安卓版 - Metabolic Constants and Plasticity of Cancer Cells in a Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Microenvironment-A Pyruvate Perspective

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Review

Metabolic Constants and Plasticity of Cancer Cells in a Limiting Glucose and Glutamine Microenvironment-A Pyruvate Perspective

"VSports在线直播" Angela M Otto. Front Oncol. .

V体育ios版 - Abstract

The metabolism of cancer cells is an issue of dealing with fluctuating and limiting levels of nutrients in a precarious microenvironment to ensure their vitality and propagation. Glucose and glutamine are central metabolites for catabolic and anabolic metabolism, which is in the limelight of numerous diagnostic methods and therapeutic targeting. Understanding tumor metabolism in conditions of nutrient depletion is important for such applications and for interpreting the readouts. To exemplify the metabolic network of tumor cells in a model system, the fate 13C6-glucose was tracked in a breast cancer cell line growing in variable low glucose/low glutamine conditions. 13C-glucose-derived metabolites allowed to deduce the engagement of metabolic pathways, namely glycolysis, the TCA-cycle including glutamine and pyruvate anaplerosis, amino acid synthesis (serine, glycine, aspartate, glutamate), gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate replenishment. While the metabolic program did not change, limiting glucose and glutamine supply reduced cellular metabolite levels and enhanced pyruvate recycling as well as pyruvate carboxylation for entry into the TCA-cycle VSports手机版. Otherwise, the same metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, were similarly engaged with physiologically saturating as with limiting glucose and glutamine. Therefore, the metabolic plasticity in precarious nutritional microenvironment does not require metabolic reprogramming, but is based on dynamic changes in metabolite quantity, reaction rates, and directions of the existing metabolic network. .

Keywords: 13C-glucose tracing; TCA-cycle; anaplerosis; glutamine; glycolysis; metabolic network; nutrient deprivation; pyruvate replenishment V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gradients microenvironmental variables affecting metabolism of tumor cells. Note that the gradients are unlikely to be linear. Values are taken from references (1, 2).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Metabolic flux and pathways to and from the pyruvate junction depend on glucose/glutamine concentrations. (A) Pathways of 13C-glucose-derived metabolites and the pyruvate junction. (B) 13C-enrichment of pyruvate, lactate, and alanine pools; (C) changes in the fraction of 13C-isotopologue profiles of lactate (left) and alanine (right) derived from either glycolytic (m+3) or replenished (m+2,1) 13C-pyruvate; (D) 13C-enrichment of pyruvate, malate and citrate pools; (E) changes in the ratio of 13C3-pyruvate carboxylation versus decarboxylation as indicated by the 13C-malate m+3/13C-citrate m+2 ratio. The figure is based on data obtained following a 2h 13C6-glucose incubation, retrieved and calculated from (27). Detected 13C-labeled metabolites are framed. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ME, malic enzyme; PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PK, pyruvate kinase.

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