Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in . gov or VSports app下载. mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely V体育官网. .

Review
. 2020 Dec 21;21(24):9770.
doi: 10.3390/ijms21249770.

Leaky Gut and Autoimmunity: An Intricate Balance in Individuals Health and the Diseased State

Bilal Ahmad Paray  1 , Mohammed Fahad Albeshr  1 , Arif Tasleem Jan  2 , Irfan A Rather  3
Affiliations
Review

Leaky Gut and Autoimmunity: An Intricate Balance in Individuals Health and the Diseased State (VSports最新版本)

Bilal Ahmad Paray et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

V体育2025版 - Abstract

Damage to the tissue and the ruining of functions characterize autoimmune syndromes VSports手机版. This review centers around leaky gut syndromes and how they stimulate autoimmune pathogenesis. Lymphoid tissue commonly associated with the gut, together with the neuroendocrine network, collaborates with the intestinal epithelial wall, with its paracellular tight junctions, to maintain the balance, tolerance, and resistance to foreign/neo-antigens. The physiological regulator of paracellular tight junctions plays a vital role in transferring macromolecules across the intestinal barrier and thereby maintains immune response equilibrium. A new paradigm has explained the intricacies of disease development and proposed that the processes can be prevented if the interaction between the genetic factor and environmental causes is barred by re-instituting the intestinal wall function. The latest clinical evidence and animal models reinforce this current thought and offer the basis for innovative methodologies to thwart and treat autoimmune syndromes. .

Keywords: autoimmune disorders; immune system; intestinal wall; microbiota V体育安卓版. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic of the intestinal epithelial barrier. The lining of epithelial cells forms a barrier between the host body and the gut’s lumen with commensal bacteria. The functional barrier cells are held together by many tight junction proteins that hinder the entry of bacteria. The mucosal layer acts as a first-line defense that prevents the contact of gut microbiome with intestinal epithelial cells. The role of immune cells against infection further maintains the hemostasis of the intestinal epithelial barrier.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Factors contributing to the development of leaky gut and its relationship to autoimmune diseases. Diet, genetic susceptibility, and environmental conditions, among others, affect the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. This imbalance leads to compromised barrier integrity and contributes to several diseases.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

VSports手机版 - References

    1. Tomomasa T., Kuroume T., Arai H., Wakabayashi K., Itoh Z. Erythromycin induces migrating motor complex in human gastrointestinal tract. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1986;31:157–161. doi: 10.1007/BF01300701. - V体育官网 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Christen U., von Herrath M.G. Induction, acceleration or prevention of autoimmunity by molecular mimicry. Mol. Immunol. 2004;40:1113–1120. doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2003.11.014. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tripathi A., Lammers K.M., Goldblum S., Shea-Donohue T., Netzel-Arnett S., Buzza M.S., Antalis T.M., Vogel S.N., Zhao A., Yang S., et al. Identification of human zonulin, a physiological modulator of tight junctions, as prehaptoglobin-2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2009;106:16799–16804. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0906773106. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fasano A., Baudry B., Pumplin D.W., Wasserman S.S., Tall B.D., Ketley J.M., Kaper J.B. Vibrio cholerae produces a second enterotoxin, which affects intestinal tight junctions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1991;88:5242–5246. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.12.5242. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mu Q., Kirby J., Reilly C.M., Luo X.M. Leaky gut as a danger signal for autoimmune diseases. Front. Immunol. 2017;8:598. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00598. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

VSports在线直播 - Grants and funding