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Review
. 2020 Oct;253(5):459-468.
doi: 10.1007/s00232-020-00139-w. Epub 2020 Sep 25.

Structural and Functional Diversity Among the Members of CTR, the Membrane Copper Transporter Family

Taniya Mandal  1 , Sumanta Kar  1 , Saptarshi Maji  1 , Samarpita Sen  1 , Arnab Gupta  2
Affiliations
Review

Structural and Functional Diversity Among the Members of CTR, the Membrane Copper Transporter Family

"VSports在线直播" Taniya Mandal et al. J Membr Biol. 2020 Oct.

VSports最新版本 - Abstract

Copper is crucial for carrying out normal physiological functions in all higher life forms. Copper Transporter 1 (CTR1) is the high-affinity copper importer found in all eukaryotic organisms. The copper transporter family primarily comprises ~ six members (CTR1-6) and the related members share high sequence homology with CTR. However, with the exception of CTR1, not all six CTRs are present in every organism VSports手机版. Despite having a simple trimeric channel structure, CTR1 and other members exhibit some unique regulatory properties. In the present review, we attempt to understand the diversity and similarity of regulation and functioning of the members of this copper transporter family. .

Keywords: CTR; Copper; Copper Transporter. V体育安卓版.

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V体育官网 - Figures

Graphic abstract
Graphic abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic analysis of CTR proteins.
The evolutionary history was inferred by using the Maximum Likelihood method and the JTT matrix-based model (Jones et al. 1992; Whelan and Goldman 2001). The bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 500 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analyzed. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (500 replicates) are shown next to the branches (Felsenstein 1985)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. CTR1 endocytosis in high copper.
Colocalization of wild-type FLAG-CTR1 (Alexa Fluor 488, green) with mCherry-tagged transferrin receptor (red) at the plasma membrane in HEK293T cell line at basal condition (left panel). High copper (100 μM) leads to internalization of FLAG-CTR1 (right panel). DNA was visualized by DAPI (Blue). Bar, 10 μm
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. CTR family in Mammals, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
Mammalian CTR1 resides on the plasma membrane in basal condition and transports copper to the copper chaperons, ATOX1, CCS, and COX1. hCTR2 localizes on endosomal membranes. In S. cerevisiae, both yCTR1 and yCTR3 serve as plasma membrane copper importers. In S. pombe, yCTR4 and yCTR5 heterotrimerizes to form a functional channel and localize at the plasma membrane. yCtr6 localizes on endosomal membrane in all copper conditions. The N-terminal regions of the CTRs of different species impart function variability (variable regions of this domain are shown in different colors)
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References (V体育ios版)

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