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Review
. 2020 Jan 23:9:F1000 Faculty Rev-38.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.21245.1. eCollection 2020.

Blood making: learning what to put into the dish

Ana G Freire  1 , Jason M Butler  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Blood making: learning what to put into the dish (V体育官网入口)

Ana G Freire et al. F1000Res. .

"VSports在线直播" Abstract

The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cell (PSC) sources is a long-standing goal that will require a comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular factors that determine HSC fate during embryogenesis. A precise interplay between niche components, such as the vascular, mesenchymal, primitive myeloid cells, and the nervous system provides the unique signaling milieu for the emergence of functional HSCs in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region. Over the last several years, the interrogation of these aspects in the embryo model and in the PSC differentiation system has provided valuable knowledge that will continue educating the design of more efficient protocols to enable the differentiation of PSCs into bona fide, functionally transplantable HSCs. Herein, we provide a synopsis of early hematopoietic development, with particular focus on the recent discoveries and remaining questions concerning AGM hematopoiesis. Moreover, we acknowledge the recent advances towards the generation of HSCs in vitro and discuss possible approaches to achieve this goal in light of the current knowledge VSports手机版. .

Keywords: AGM; hematopoietic stem cell; hemogenic endothelium; pluripotent stem cell V体育安卓版. .

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Conflict of interest statement

No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed VSports最新版本.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Representation of the consensually accepted sequential steps of differentiation to adult-type HSCs in the AGM.
HSCs derive from a precursor that descends from mesoderm and expresses endothelial genes, called hemogenic endothelium (HE). HE undergoes endothelial hematopoietic transition (EHT) and maturation to functional HSCs through intermediate HSC precursors (type I and II pre-HSCs). During this process, a precise regulation of the arterial-associated genes Notch1 and Sox17 and of the critical players in EHT, Runx1 and Gata2, takes place. Moreover, hematopoietic markers (i.e. c-Kit, CD41, CD43, and CD45) are upregulated while genes of endothelial affiliation (i.e. VE-Cadherin and CD31) are still expressed – . *HSCs are believed to display a similar phenotypic signature to type II pre-HSCs, but their function is demonstrated by transplantation into adult irradiated recipients. AGM, aorta-gonad-mesonephros; E, embryonic day; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Representation of niche components that participate during HSC emergence in the AGM.
A precise interplay between niche components, including ECs, mesenchymal cells, primitive myeloid cells, and components of the nervous system, provides the unique signaling milieu for the emergence of HSCs in the AGM region. AGM, aorta-gonad-mesonephros; EC, endothelial cell; EHT, endothelial hematopoietic transition; HSC, hematopoietic stem cell.
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