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. 2018 Oct 10;19(10):3097.
doi: 10.3390/ijms19103097.

In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota

Sophie Fehlbaum  1 , Kevin Prudence  2 , Jasper Kieboom  3 , Margreet Heerikhuisen  4 , Tim van den Broek  5 , Frank H J Schuren  6 , Robert E Steinert  7 , Daniel Raederstorff  8
Affiliations

In Vitro Fermentation of Selected Prebiotics and Their Effects on the Composition and Activity of the Adult Gut Microbiota

Sophie Fehlbaum et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Recently, the concept of prebiotics has been revisited to expand beyond non-digestible oligosaccharides, and the requirements for selective stimulation were extended to include microbial groups other than, and additional to, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Here, the gut microbiota-modulating effects of well-known and novel prebiotics were studied. An in vitro fermentation screening platform (i-screen) was inoculated with adult fecal microbiota, exposed to different dietary fibers that had a range of concentrations (inulin, alpha-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (alpha-GOS), beta-linked GOS, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) from corn cobs and high-fiber sugar cane, and beta-glucan from oats), and compared to a positive fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) control and a negative control (no fiber addition) VSports手机版. All dietary fibers displayed prebiotic activity, with beta-glucan showing more distinct effects on the microbial composition and metabolism compared to the other fibers. Beta-glucan induced the growth of Prevotella and Roseburia with a concomitant increase in propionate production. Inulin and both forms of GOS and XOS had a strong bifidogenic effect on the microbial composition. A dose-response effect was observed for butyrate when exposed to beta-glucan and inulin. The findings of this study support the potential for alpha-GOS, XOS, and oat beta-glucan to serve as novel prebiotics, due to their association with the positive shifts in microbiome composition and short-chain fatty acid production that point to potential health benefits. .

Keywords: XOS; alpha-GOS; beta-glucan; colonic fermentation; i-screen; screening platform. V体育安卓版.

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Conflict of interest statement

S. F. , K. P. , R. E V体育ios版. S. , and D. R. are employees of DSM Nutritional Products, which is involved in the commercialization of dietary fibers.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean relative fold change of bacterial groups in 24 h fermentation samples, as measured by qPCR. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, obtained from the average of duplicate (inulin, alpha-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (alpha-GOS), beta-linked galacto-oligosaccharides (beta-GOS), xylo-oligosaccharides from corn cobs (XOS-C), xylo-oligosaccharides from high-fiber sugar cane (XOS-S), and beta-glucan) or triplicate (control and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS)) samples. (A) Bifidobacterium, (B) Lactobacillus group 1, and (C) Lactobacillus group 2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Clustering tree based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of microbiota composition data, assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The number after the fiber indicates the concentration (in mg/mL) at which the fiber was added to the fermentation medium. The fiber concentration of 0.5 mg/mL is not depicted.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Identification of the most differentially abundant genera, between untreated controls and the fiber samples, using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis. Genera enriched in the untreated samples are indicated with a positive Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) score (green), and genera enriched in the samples treated with different fibers are indicated with a negative LDA score (red). The threshold on the logarithmic LDA score for a discriminative genus was set to >2.0. (A) FOS, (B) Beta-GOS, (C) Inulin, (D) Beta-glucan, (E) XOS-S, (F) XOS-C, and (G) Alpha-GOS.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations and the relative percentages of SCFAs in the control and fiber-enriched samples. Acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and isobutyrate were detected using gas chromatography (GC), and the total SCFA concentrations represent all metabolites measured.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Relationship between the composition of the microbiota and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), using correspondence analysis. The larger dots represent microbiome composition and show the centroid values for each of the sets of duplicate samples. Arrows represent the direction of the association of microbiome composition with specific SCFA levels.
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