"V体育ios版" Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in VSports app下载. gov or . mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely V体育官网. .

Meta-Analysis
. 2018 Jun 22;6(6):CD012597.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012597.pub2.

"V体育ios版" Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis

Karen Head  1 , Kornkiat Snidvongs, Simon Glew, Glenis Scadding, Anne Gm Schilder, Carl Philpott, Claire Hopkins
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Saline irrigation for allergic rhinitis

"VSports app下载" Karen Head et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common condition affecting both adults and children. Patients experience symptoms of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, sneezing and nasal itching, which may affect their quality of life. Nasal irrigation with saline (salty water), also known as nasal douching, washing or lavage, is a procedure that rinses the nasal cavity with isotonic or hypertonic saline solutions VSports手机版. It can be performed with low positive pressure from a spray, pump or squirt bottle, with a nebuliser or with gravity-based pressure in which the person instils saline into one nostril and allows it to drain out of the other. Saline solutions are available over the counter and can be used alone or as an adjunct to other therapies. .

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of nasal saline irrigation in people with allergic rhinitis V体育安卓版. .

Search methods: The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the ENT Trials Register; CENTRAL; Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials. gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 23 November 2017 V体育ios版. .

Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nasal saline irrigation, delivered by any means and with any volume, tonicity and alkalinity, with (a) no nasal saline irrigation or (b) other pharmacological treatments in adults and children with allergic rhinitis. We included studies comparing nasal saline versus no saline, where all participants also received pharmacological treatment (intranasal corticosteroids or oral antihistamines). VSports最新版本.

Data collection and analysis: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane V体育平台登录. Primary outcomes were patient-reported disease severity and a common adverse effect - epistaxis. Secondary outcomes were disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQL), individual symptom scores, general HRQL, the adverse effects of local irritation or discomfort, ear symptoms (pain or pressure) and nasal endoscopy scores. We used GRADE to assess the quality of the evidence for each outcome; this is indicated in italics. .

Main results: We included 14 studies (747 participants). The studies included children (seven studies, 499 participants) and adults (seven studies, 248 participants). No studies reported outcomes beyond three months follow-up. Saline volumes ranged from 'very low' to 'high' volume. Where stated, studies used either hypertonic or isotonic saline solution. Nasal saline versus no saline treatmentAll seven studies (112 adults; 332 children) evaluating this comparison used different scoring systems for patient-reported disease severity, so we pooled the data using the standardised mean difference (SMD). Saline irrigation may improve patient-reported disease severity compared with no saline at up to four weeks (SMD -1. 32, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1. 84 to -0. 81; 407 participants; 6 studies; low quality) and between four weeks and three months (SMD -1. 44, 95% CI -2. 39 to -0. 48; 167 participants; 5 studies; low quality). Although the evidence was low quality the SMD values at both time points are considered large effect sizes. Subgroup analysis showed the improvement in both adults and children. Subgroup analyses for volume and tonicity were inconclusive due to heterogeneity. Two studies reported methods for recording adverse effects and five studies mentioned them. Two studies (240 children) reported no adverse effects (epistaxis or local discomfort) in either group and three only reported no adverse effects in the saline group. One study (48 children) reported disease-specific HRQL using a modified RCQ-36 scale. It was uncertain whether there was a difference between the groups at any of the specified time points (very low quality). No other secondary outcomes were reported. Nasal saline versus no saline with adjuvant use of intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines Three studies (40 adults; 79 children) compared saline with intranasal steroids versus intranasal steroids alone; one study (14 adults) compared saline with oral antihistamines versus oral antihistamines alone. It is uncertain if there is a difference in patient-reported disease severity at up to four weeks (SMD -0. 60, 95% CI -1. 34 to 0. 15; 32 participants; 2 studies; very low quality) or from four weeks to three months (SMD -0. 32, 95% CI -0. 85 to 0. 21; 58 participants; 2 studies; very low quality). Although none of the studies reported methods for recording adverse effects, three mentioned them: one study (40 adults; adjuvant intranasal steroids) reported no adverse effects (epistaxis or local discomfort) in either group; the other two only reported no adverse effects in the saline group. It is uncertain if saline irrigation in addition to pharmacological treatment improved disease-specific HRQL at four weeks to three months, compared with pharmacological treatment alone (SMD -1 VSports注册入口. 26, 95% CI -2. 47 to -0. 05; 54 participants; 2 studies; very low quality). No other secondary outcomes were reported. Nasal saline versus intranasal steroidsIt is uncertain if there was a difference in patient-reported disease severity between nasal saline and intranasal steroids at up to four weeks (MD 1. 06, 95% CI -1. 65 to 3. 77; 14 participants; 1 study), or between four weeks and three months (SMD 1. 26, 95% CI -0. 92 to 3. 43; 97 participants; 3 studies), or indisease-specific HRQL between four weeks and three months (SMD 0. 01, 95% CI -0. 73 to 0. 75; 83 participants; 2 studies). Only one study reported methods for recording adverse effects although three studies mentioned them. One (21 participants) reported two withdrawals due to adverse effects but did not describe these or state which group. Three studies reported no adverse effects (epistaxis or local discomfort) with saline, although one study reported that 27% of participants experienced local discomfort with steroid use. No other secondary outcomes were reported. .

Authors' conclusions: Saline irrigation may reduce patient-reported disease severity compared with no saline irrigation at up to three months in both adults and children with allergic rhinitis, with no reported adverse effects. No data were available for any outcomes beyond three months. The overall quality of evidence was low or very low. The included studies were generally small and used a range of different outcome measures to report disease severity scores, with unclear validation. This review did not include direct comparisons of saline types (e. g. different volume, tonicity) V体育官网入口. Since saline irrigation could provide a cheap, safe and acceptable alternative to intranasal steroids and antihistamines further high-quality, adequately powered research in this area is warranted. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Karen Head: none known.

Kornkiat Snidvongs: none known. Kornkiat Snidvongs is an Associate Editor for Cochrane ENT, but had no role in the editorial process for this review VSports在线直播.

Simon Glew: none known.

Glenis Scadding: none known.

Anne GM Schilder: Anne Schilder is joint Co‐ordinating Editor of Cochrane ENT, but had no role in the editorial process for this review. Her evidENT team at UCL is supported in part by the National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. Their research is funded by the NIHR and EU Horizon2020. She is the national chair of the NIHR Clinical Research Network ENT Specialty. She is the Surgical Specialty Lead for ENT for the Royal College of Surgeons of England's Clinical Trials Initiative. She is co‐investigator on the NIHR PGfAR grant 'Defining best Management for Adults with Chronic RhinOsinusitis: the MACRO Programme'. In her role as director of the NIHR UCLH BRC Deafness and Hearing Problems Theme, she acts as an advisor on clinical trial design and delivery to a range of biotech companies.

Carl Philpott: Carl Philpott has previously received consultancy fees from the companies Acclarent, Navigant, Aerin Medical and Entellus. He is joint chief investigator on the NIHR PGfAR grant 'Defining best Management for Adults with Chronic RhinOsinusitis: the MACRO Programme.

Claire Hopkins: Claire Hopkins has received financial support from several companies involved in producing instruments for sinus surgery. She is joint chief investigator on the NIHR PGfAR grant 'Defining best Management for Adults with Chronic RhinOsinusitis: the MACRO Programme.

Figures (VSports在线直播)

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
3
3
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Saline versus no saline treatment, Outcome 1 Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks).
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Saline versus no saline treatment, Outcome 2 Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months).
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Saline versus no saline treatment, Outcome 3 Health‐related quality of life.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Saline versus no saline treatment (adjuvant to intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines), Outcome 1 Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks).
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Saline versus no saline treatment (adjuvant to intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines), Outcome 2 Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months)).
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Saline versus no saline treatment (adjuvant to intranasal steroids or oral antihistamines), Outcome 3 Health‐related quality of life (4 weeks to 6 months).
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Saline versus steroids, Outcome 1 Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks).
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Saline versus steroids, Outcome 2 Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months).
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Saline versus steroids, Outcome 3 Health‐related quality of life.
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Saline versus steroids, Outcome 4 Adverse effects.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Subgroup comparison ‐ volume, Outcome 1 Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks).
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Subgroup comparison ‐ volume, Outcome 2 Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months).
5.1
5.1. Analysis
Comparison 5 Subgroup comparison ‐ tonicity, Outcome 1 Disease severity score (up to 4 weeks).
5.2
5.2. Analysis
Comparison 5 Subgroup comparison ‐ tonicity, Outcome 2 Disease severity score (4 weeks to 6 months).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

References

References to studies included in this review

Chairattananon 2013 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Chairattananon C, Pensrichon R, Veskitkul J, Pacharn P, Piboonpocanun O, Visitsunthorn N, et al. Efficacy of saline nasal irrigation in children with allergic rhinitis. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013;68:359.
Chen 2014 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Chen JR, Jin L, Li XY. The effectiveness of nasal saline irrigation (seawater) in treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2014;78(7):1115‐8. - PubMed
Cordray 2005 {published data only}
    1. Cordray S, Harjo JB, Miner L. Comparison of intranasal hypertonic dead sea saline spray and intranasal aqueous triamcinolone spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis. Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal 2005;84(7):426‐30. - "V体育平台登录" PubMed
Di Berardino 2017 {published and unpublished data}
    1. Berardino F, Zanetti D, D'Amato G. Nasal rinsing with an atomized spray improves mucociliary clearance and clinical symptoms during peak grass pollen season. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2017;31(1):40‐3. - PubMed
Garavello 2003 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Angrisano A. Hypertonic saline nasal wash: effect on grass pollen rhinitis in children. Allergy and Clinical Immunology International 2003;1(Suppl 1):P‐16‐4.
    1. Garavello W, Romagnoli M, Sordo L, Gaini RM, Berardino C, Angrisano A. Hypersaline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2003;14(2):140‐3. - PubMed
Garavello 2005 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Garavello W, Berardino F, Romagnoli M, Sambataro G, Gaini RM. Nasal rinsing with hypertonic solution: an adjunctive treatment for pediatric seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 2005;137(4):310‐4. - PubMed
    1. Garavello W, Berardino F, Romagnoli M, Sambataro G, Gaini RM, et al. Nasal rinsing with hypertonic solution: an adjunctive treatment for pediatric seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (ESPO), Paris, France, 18‐21 June 2006. 2006:Abstract No. 369.
Garavello 2010 {published data only}
    1. Garavello W, Somigliana E, Acaia B, Gaini L, Pignataro L, Gaini RM. Nasal lavage in pregnant women with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized study. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 2010;151(2):137‐41. - PubMed
Li 2009 {published data only}
    1. Li H, Sha Q, Zuo K, Jiang H, Cheng L, Shi J, et al. Nasal saline irrigation facilitates control of allergic rhinitis by topical steroid in children. ORL; Journal for Oto‐rhino‐laryngology and Its Related Specialties 2009;71(1):50‐5. - VSports最新版本 - PubMed
Lin 2017 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Lin L, Chen Z, Cao Y, Sun G. Normal saline solution nasal‐pharyngeal irrigation improves chronic cough associated with allergic rhinitis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2017;31(2):96‐104. - PubMed (VSports在线直播)
Marchisio 2012 {published data only}
    1. Marchisio P, Varricchio A, Baggi E, Bianchini S, Capasso ME, Torretta S, et al. Hypertonic saline is more effective than normal saline in seasonal allergic rhinitis in children. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 2012;25(3):721‐30. - PubMed
Ning 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ning X, Xing Z, Wang M, Gao Z. To investigate the effect of pretreatment with budesonide spray in patients with allergic rhinitis. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke za Zhi [Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology] 2011;25(14):633‐5. - PubMed
Rogkakou 2005 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Rogkakou A, Guerra L, Massacane P, Baiardini I, Baena‐Cagnani R, Zanella CH, et al. Effects on symptoms and quality of life of hypertonic saline nasal spray added to antihistamine in persistent allergic rhinitis‐‐a randomized controlled study. European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2005;37(9):353‐6. - PubMed
Wu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Wu M, Wang Q, Zhang K, Wu K, Zhang Y, Wang Z, et al. The effect of nasal irrigation in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke za Zhi [Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology] 2014;28(5):287‐9. - PubMed
Yasar 2013 {published data only}
    1. Yasar M, Uysal IO, Altuntas EE, Cevit O, Muderris S. Effects of topical sprays on allergy‐induced nasal obstruction in children. Kulak Burun Bogaz Ihtisas Dergisi: KBB [Journal of Ear, Nose, and Throat] 2013;23(4):217‐24. - PubMed

References to studies excluded from this review

Bachmann 2000 {published data only}
    1. Bachmann G, Hommel G, Michel O. Effect of irrigation of the nose with isotonic salt solution on adult patients with chronic paranasal sinus disease. European Archives of Oto‐ Rhino‐Laryngology 2000;257(10):537‐41. - PubMed
Barberi 2016a {published data only}
    1. Barberi S, D'Auria E, Bernardo L, Ferrara F, Pietra B, Pinto F, et al. Hypertonic saline monotherapy in children with perennial allergic rhinitis: a pilot study. Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents 2016;30(1):271‐5. - "V体育官网入口" PubMed
Barberi 2016b {published data only}
    1. Barberi S, D Auria E, Bernardo L, Pinto F, Pietra B, Ciprandi G. Isotonic saline in children with perennial allergic rhinitis. Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents 2016;30(2):605‐8. - PubMed
Barbieri 2002 {published data only}
    1. Barbieri M, Salami A, Mora F, Casazza A, Sovatzis A, Teglia R, et al. Behavior of serum IgE and IgA in patients with allergic rhinitis treated with iodine bromide thermal water. Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 2002;22(4):215‐9. - PubMed
ChiCTR‐INR‐16009778 2016 {published data only}
    1. ChiCTR‐INR‐16009778 2016. A randomized, double‐blind, controlled study of the efficacy and safety of hydrogen rich saline irrigation in patients with rhinitis to improve the physiological function of nasal mucosa. "VSports注册入口" http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=16557.
Chowdary 2017 {published data only}
    1. Chowdary Gaddipatti R, Rao SP, Rajiv K, Jain M. Isotonic nasal spray versus fluticasone nasal spray in treatment of allergic rhinitis. International Journal of Otolaryngology 2017;3(3):581‐4.
Chusakul 2012 {published data only}
    1. Chusakul S, Warathanasin S, Suksangpanya N, Phannaso C, Ruxrungtham S, Snidvongs K, et al. Comparison of buffered and nonbuffered nasal saline irrigations in treating allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2013;123(1):53‐6. - PubMed
Del Giudice 2011 {published data only}
    1. Giudice MM, Decimo F, Maiello N, Leonardi S, Parisi G, Golluccio M, et al. Effectiveness of ischia thermal water nasal aerosol in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized and controlled study. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 2011;24(4):1103‐9. - PubMed
Heatley 2001 {published data only}
    1. Heatley DG, McConnell KE, Kille TL, Leverson GE. Nasal irrigation for the alleviation of sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery 2001;125(1):44‐8. - PubMed
Jan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jan RL. The efficacy of nasal saline aerosol purging on allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis patients. Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2013;68:34.
Lin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lin L, Yan W, Zhao X. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with normal saline nasal irrigation at different temperature. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 2014;49:109‐14. - PubMed
Malizia 2017 {published data only}
    1. Malizia V, Fasola S, Ferrante G, Cilluffo G, Montalbano L, Landi M, et al. Efficacy of buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation for nasal symptoms in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 2017;174(2):97‐103. - PubMed (V体育安卓版)
Mora 2002 {published data only}
    1. Mora R, Chiarlone M, Crippa B, Mora F, Barbieri M. Nasal irrigations with sulphurea water in the treatment of the oral allergy syndrome. Medicina Clinica e Termale 2002;14(48):287‐90.
NCT01248325 2010 {published data only}
    1. NCT01248325. A study of Luffa Operculate nasal solution 5mg/mL compared with saline (NaCl 09%) for the relief of nasal obstruction. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01248325?term=NCT01248325&rank=1 (V体育安卓版).
NCT01326247 2011 {published data only}
    1. NCT01326247. Effectiveness of therapy with a thermal water nasal aerosol in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01326247?term=NCT01326247&rank=1 (V体育2025版). - PubMed
NCT02729012 2016 {published data only}
    1. NCT02729012. Effects of hypertonic saline solution (NACL 3%+NAHCO3) on nasal inflammation in children with AR. RinASol ‐ Pilot Study. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02729012?term=NCT02729012&rank=1.
Nguyen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Nguyen SA, Psaltis AJ, Schlosser RJ. Isotonic saline nasal irrigation is an effective adjunctive therapy to intranasal corticosteroid spray in allergic rhinitis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2014;28(4):308‐11. - PubMed
Polasek 1987 {published data only}
    1. Polasek O, Haudenschild P. A double blind cross‐over study of the effects of a nasal wash with Prorhinel by perennial rhinitis. Therapeutische Umschau 1987;44(12):978‐81. - PubMed
Rabago 2002 {published data only}
    1. Rabago D, Zgierska A, Mundt M, Barrett B, Bobula J, Maberry R. Efficacy of daily hypertonic saline nasal irrigation among patients with sinusitis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Family Practice 2002;51(12):1049‐55. - PubMed
Satdhabudha 2012 {published data only}
    1. NCT01441778. Efficacy of buffered hypertonic saline (BHS) nasal irrigation in allergic rhinitis (AR) children. VSports app下载 - https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01441778?term=NCT01441778&rank=1.
    1. Satdhabudha A, Poachanukoon O. Efficacy of buffered hypertonic saline nasal irrigation in children with symptomatic allergic rhinitis: a randomized double‐blind study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2012;76(4):583‐8. - PubMed
Shoseyov 1998 {published data only}
    1. Shoseyov D, Bibi H, Shai P, Shoseyov N, Shazberg G, Hurvitz H. Treatment with hypertonic saline versus normal saline nasal wash of pediatric chronic sinusitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1998;101(5):602‐5. - VSports最新版本 - PubMed
Singh 2016 {published data only}
    1. Singh R, Galagali JR, Kumar S, Bahurupi Y, Chandrachood M. Comparative study of intranasal hypertonic seawater saline versus intranasal normal saline in allergic rhinitis. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 2016;3(1):104‐7.
TCTR20150923001 2015 {published data only}
    1. TCTR20150923001. Properties of self‐prepared nasal saline irrigation and clinical outcome in patient with chronic allergic rhinitis. http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsea... (first received 23 September 2015).
TCTR20160120001 2016 {published data only}
    1. TCTR20160120001. Efficacy and safety in self‐prepared nasal saline irrigation and clinical outcome in patient with allergic rhinitis. http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsea... (VSports手机版) (first received 20 January 2016).
TCTR20160913003 2016 {published data only}
    1. TCTR20160913003. The efficacy of hypotonic saline and isotonic saline irrigation on nasal symptoms and mucociliary clearance in allergic rhinitis. http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=regtrials&menu=trialsea... (first received 13 September 2016).
Tomooka 2000 {published data only}
    1. Tomooka LT, Murphy C, Davidson TM. Clinical study and literature review of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 2000;110(7):1189‐93. - PubMed
Ural 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ural A, Oktemer TK, Kizil Y, Ileri F, Uslu S. Impact of isotonic and hypertonic saline solutions on mucociliary activity in various nasal pathologies: clinical study. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 2009;123(5):517‐21. - PubMed (VSports)
Valencia Chavez 2015 {published data only}
    1. Efficiency of treatment of allergic rhinitis with seawater by a randomized clinical trial. http://registroclinico.sld.cu/en/trials/RPCEC00000200‐En (first received 25 September 2015).
    1. Valencia Chavez ML, Soler Terranova W, Rosique Gracia J, Morales Munera O. Efficacy of seawater for the treatment of allergic rhinitis: a randomized clinical trial. Social Medicine (Social Medicine Publication Group) 2015;9(2):63‐72.
Xiong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Xiong M, Fu XY, Deng WT, Lai HW, Yang CH. Tap water nasal irrigation in adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized double‐blind study. European Archives of Oto‐Rhino‐Laryngology 2014;271(6):1549‐52. - PubMed

References to studies awaiting assessment

Hausfeld 2007 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Hausfeld JN. Buffered hypertonic saline nasal spray and gel as treatment modifiers in allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAI) 63rd Annual Meeting San Diego, Ca, USA, February 23‐27. 2007; Vol. 119:S230 (Abstract 905).
Krcmova 2011 {published data only}
    1. Krcmova I, Mala E. Saline solutions as a supportive therapy in the concurrent treatment of allergic rhinitis. Alergie 2011;13(1):66‐71.
Lee 2017 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Lee J, Ryu G, Kim M, Yang H, Kim S, et al. The effects of saline nasal irrigation on allergic rhinitis and asthma in children. Allergy 2017;72(S103):561.
Manole 2013 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Manole F. Effect of nasal irrigation in the treatment of rhinitis in children. European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and World Allergy Organization World Allergy and Asthma Congress. 2013.

Additional references

ARIA 2001
    1. Bousquet J, Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2001;108(5):S147‐334. - PubMed
ARIA 2008
    1. Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A, et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008;63:8‐160. - PubMed
Barham 2015
    1. Barham H, Harvey R. Nasal saline irrigation: therapeutic or homeopathic. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2015;81(5):457‐8. - PMC - PubMed
Berjis 2011
    1. Berjis N, Sonbolastan SM, Okhovat SH, Narimani AA, Razmjui J. Normal saline versus hypertonic 3% saline: its efficacy in non‐acute rhinosinusitis. Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2011;23:23‐8.
Bonnomet 2016
    1. Bonnomet A, Luczka E, Coraux C, Gabory L. Non‐diluted seawater enhances nasal ciliary beat frequency and wound repair speed compared to diluted seawater and normal saline. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2016;6(10):1062‐8. - "VSports手机版" PMC - PubMed
BSACI 2017
    1. Scadding GK, Kariyawasam HH, Scadding G, Mirakian R, Buckley RJ, et al. BSACI guidelines for the management of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017). Clinical and Experimental Allergy 2017;47(7):856‐89. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12953] - DOI (VSports在线直播) - PubMed
Chong 2016
    1. Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, Philpott C, Glew S, Scadding G, et al. Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011995.pub2] - "VSports在线直播" DOI - PMC - PubMed
Chusakul 2013
    1. Chusakul S, Warathanasin S, Suksangpanya N, Phannaso C, Ruxrungtham S, Snidvongs K, et al. Comparison of buffered and nonbuffered nasal saline irrigations in treating allergic rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2013;123:53‐6. - PubMed
Egger 1997
    1. Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta‐analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 1997;315(7109):629‐34. [PUBMED: 9310563] - PMC - PubMed
Elkins 2011
    1. Elkins MR, Bye PTP. Mechanisms and applications of hypertonic saline. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2011;104:S2‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Georgitis 1994
    1. Georgitis JW. Nasal hyperthermia and simple irrigation for perennial rhinitis. Changes in inflammatory mediators. Chest 1994;106(5):1487‐92. - PubMed
Handbook 2011
    1. Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from www.cochrane‐handbook.org.
Hermelingmeier 2012
    1. Hermelingmeier KE, Weber RK, Hellmich M, Heubach CP, Mosges R. Nasal irrigation as an adjunctive treatment in allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2012;26(5):e119‐25. [DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3787] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Katelaris 2012
    1. Katelaris CH, Lee BW, Potter PC, Maspero JF, Cingi C, Lopatin A, et al. Prevalence and diversity of allergic rhinitis in regions of the world beyond Europe and North America. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2012;42(2):186–207. - PubMed
Khianey 2012
    1. Khianey R, Oppenheimer J. Is nasal saline irrigation all it is cracked up to be?. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 2012;109:20‐8. - PubMed
Kim 2008
    1. Kim H, Bouchard J, Renzi PM. The link between allergic rhinitis and asthma: a role for antileukotrienes?. Canadian Respiratory Journal 2008;15(2):91‐8. - PMC - PubMed
King 2015
    1. King D, Mitchell B, Williams CP, Spurling GKP. Saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 4. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006821.pub3] - "V体育安卓版" DOI - PMC - PubMed
Mims 2014
    1. Mims JW. Epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 2014;4:S18‐20. - V体育ios版 - PubMed
Pynnonen 2007
    1. Pynnonen MA, Mukerji SS, Kim HM, Adams ME, Terrell JE. Nasal saline for chronic sinonasal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Otolaryngology‐‐Head & Neck Surgery 2007;133(11):1115‐20. - PubMed
Rabago 2005
    1. Rabago D, Pasic T, Zgierska A, Mundt M, Barrett B, Maberry R. The efficacy of hypertonic saline nasal irrigation for chronic sinonasal symptoms. Otolaryngology ‐ Head and Neck Surgery 2005;133:3‐8. - VSports手机版 - PubMed
RevMan 2014 [Computer program]
    1. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
Schoenwetter 2004
    1. Schoenwetter WF, Dupclay L Jr, Appajosyula S, Botteman MF, Pashos CL. Economic impact and quality‐of‐life burden of allergic rhinitis. Current Medical Research and Opinion 2004;20(3):305‐17. - PubMed
Wormald 2004
    1. Wormald PJ, Cain T, Oates L, Hawke L, Wong I. A comparative study of three methods of nasal irrigation. Laryngoscope 2004;14:2224–7. - PubMed

MeSH terms