Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in . gov or VSports app下载. mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. V体育官网.

. 2016 Mar 31:7:455.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00455. eCollection 2016.

V体育安卓版 - Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem?

Alexis Mosca  1 , Marion Leclerc  2 , Jean P Hugot  1
Affiliations

Gut Microbiota Diversity and Human Diseases: Should We Reintroduce Key Predators in Our Ecosystem?

Alexis Mosca et al. Front Microbiol. .

VSports最新版本 - Abstract

Most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with dysbiosis and loss of microbial diversity in the gut microbiota. The Western way of life, with a wide use of antibiotics and other environmental triggers, may reduce the number of bacterial predators leading to a decrease in microbial diversity of the Human gut. We argue that this phenomenon is similar to the process of ecosystem impoverishment in macro ecology where human activity decreases ecological niches, the size of predator populations, and finally the biodiversity. Such pauperization is fundamental since it reverses the evolution processes, drives life backward into diminished complexity, stability, and adaptability. A simple therapeutic approach could thus be to reintroduce bacterial predators and restore a bacterial diversity of the host microbiota VSports手机版. .

Keywords: Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus; chronic human conditions; dysbiosis; ecosystem; predator; western lifestyle V体育安卓版. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Associative links between Western lifestyle, Human conditions, and loss of microbial diversity (LOMD). On one hand, most of the Human diseases affecting westernized countries are associated with LOMD and on the other hand, some western lifestyle patterns cause LOMD. Then, LOMD appears to play a central role linking western lifestyle and western chronic human conditions (see also Table 1). *LOMD not assessed.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Environmental factors reduce microbial diversity because of the loss of predatory species. Gut microbiota may be seen as a complex network of many interacting species (nodes) with several kinds of interactions (links). Predators (in red) are key species that maintain the diversity of the microbiota by direct impact on preys (yellow) and indirect effect on other related species (blue). According to Voltera equations, loss of predators causes an increase number of preys but a loss of diversity. We propose that in industrialized countries environmental risk factors reduces the predators in the network causing LOMD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mapping concept of microbiota dysbiosis and resilience. (A) In a healthy state, the gut microbiota ecosystem (represented by a ball) is in a steady state (H). The depth of the well in which the ball is located represents its resilience (R). In case of disturbance (d; i.e., ATB course or digestive infection), the gut microbiota changes (H′) and then get back to its anterior state (H). (B) Environmental factors (i.e., western lifestyle) negatively impact the diversity of the microbiota resulting in a decrease of resilience (R′ < R). However, the microbiota still remains in an apparent healthy state, due to the functional redundancy of the ecosystem (H). (C) But in this new situation, the same disturbance (d) results in a shift of the gut microbiota balance to an other state called dysbiosis (D). This new state is also a steady state, but it impacts negatively the individual condition. It represents an “unhealthy” state. (D,E) “Rebiosis” with respective effect of probiotics administration and fecal transplantation on the the gut microbiota ecosystem. A single strain (probiotic) fails to restore a “healthy” ecosystem (D), but a radical change of the ecosystem through fecal transplantation could be able to achieve this goal (E). p, probiotics; FT, Fecal Transplant.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

"VSports最新版本" References

    1. Abrahamsson T. R., Jakobsson H. E., Andersson A. F., Björkstén B., Engstrand L., Jenmalm M. C. (2014). Low gut microbiota diversity in early infancy precedes asthma at school age. Clin. Exp. Allergy 44, 842–850. 10.1111/cea.12253 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahn J., Sinha R., Pei Z., Dominianni C., Wu J., Shi J., et al. (2013). Human gut microbiome and risk for colorectal cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 105, 1907–1911. 10.1093/jnci/djt300 - DOI (VSports app下载) - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allison S. D., Martiny J. B. H. (2008). Resistance, resilience, and redundancy in microbial communities. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105, 11512–11519. 10.1073/pnas.0801925105 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Amre D. K., Lambrette P., Law L., Krupoves A., Chotard V., Costea F., et al. (2006). Investigating the hygiene hypothesis as a risk factor in pediatric onset crohn's disease: a case-control study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101, 1005–1011. 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00526.x - DOI (VSports) - PubMed
    1. Andersson T., Ahlbom A., Magnusson C., Carlsson S. (2014). Prevalence and incidence of diabetes in stockholm county 1990-2010. PLoS ONE 9:e104033. 10.1371/journal.pone.0104033 - DOI - PMC - PubMed