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Review
. 2015 Jun 5:6:568.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00568. eCollection 2015.

"V体育官网" From ingestion to colonization: the influence of the host environment on regulation of the LEE encoded type III secretion system in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli

James P R Connolly  1 , B Brett Finlay  2 , Andrew J Roe  1
Affiliations
Review

"VSports app下载" From ingestion to colonization: the influence of the host environment on regulation of the LEE encoded type III secretion system in enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli

James P R Connolly et al. Front Microbiol. .

"V体育官网入口" Abstract

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) binds to host tissue and intimately attaches to intestinal cells using a dedicated type III secretion system (T3SS). This complex multi-protein organelle is encoded within a large pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), which is subject to extensive regulatory control VSports手机版. Over the past 15 years we have gained a wealth of knowledge concerning how the LEE is regulated transcriptionally by specific, global and phage encoded regulators. More recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding of how specific signals, including host or microbiota derived metabolic products and various nutrient sources, can affect how the LEE-encoded T3SS is regulated. In this review we discuss regulation of the LEE, focusing on how these physiologically relevant signals are sensed and how they affect the expression of this major virulence factor. The implications for understanding the disease process by specific regulatory mechanisms are also discussed. .

Keywords: Escherichia coli; environmental; host; regulation; secretion; virulence V体育安卓版. .

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Core regulation of the LEE island. LEE operons 1–5 are indicated in black with the ler and grlRA ORFs highlighted in blue and green respectively. Broken gray arrows correspond to translated products from these genes. Blue lines represent input points of positive transcriptional regulation whereas red blunt arrows indicate negative regulation.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Regulation of the LEE by nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs). Points of transcriptional activation (blue arrow) or repression (red blunt arrow) by NAPs, which are labeled and indicated in gray.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Transcriptional cross-talk of cellular regulators and post-transcriptional control of the LEE. Inputs from various transcriptional regulators, indicated in white, and the cross-regulation associated with them. Regulators of the ETT2 system and motility are labeled accordingly. Post-transcriptional regulators are shaded in pink, Ihf is shaded in gray and GrlRA are shaded in green. Blue lines represent positive regulation whereas red blunt arrows indicate negative regulation.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Regulatory map of various signals encountered by EHEC within the host. Black arrows indicate the signal being sensed and the regulatory systems are color coded as follows—quorum sensing of hormones and hormone-like signals (purple), nutrient sensing (orange), nitric oxide sensing (pink), pH and D-serine regulation (magenta), ethanolamine sensing (light gray), butyrate sensing (aqua), and biotin sensing (green). Blue lines represent input points of positive transcriptional regulation whereas red blunt arrows indicate negative regulation.
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V体育官网 - References

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