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Review
. 2015 Feb 2:10:261-76.
doi: 10.2147/COPD.S42414. eCollection 2015.

COPD: balancing oxidants and antioxidants

Bernard M Fischer  1 , Judith A Voynow  2 , Andrew J Ghio  3
Affiliations
Review

COPD: balancing oxidants and antioxidants

"VSports" Bernard M Fischer et al. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. .

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic illnesses in the world. The disease encompasses emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and small airway obstruction and can be caused by environmental exposures, primarily cigarette smoking. Since only a small subset of smokers develop COPD, it is believed that host factors interact with the environment to increase the propensity to develop disease. The major pathogenic factors causing disease include infection and inflammation, protease and antiprotease imbalance, and oxidative stress overwhelming antioxidant defenses. In this review, we will discuss the major environmental and host sources for oxidative stress; discuss how oxidative stress regulates chronic bronchitis; review the latest information on genetic predisposition to COPD, specifically focusing on oxidant/antioxidant imbalance; and review future antioxidant therapeutic options for COPD. The complexity of COPD will necessitate a multi-target therapeutic approach. It is likely that antioxidant supplementation and dietary antioxidants will have a place in these future combination therapies VSports手机版. .

Keywords: Chinese herbs; acupuncture; cigarette smoking; dietary antioxidants; gene regulation; mucins. V体育安卓版.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic depicting the cascade of events underlying the biological effects of cigarette smoking. Note: With exposure to cigarette smoke, there is generation of oxidative stress followed by cell signaling, activation of transcription factors, and release of mediators. Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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