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. 2015 Feb 3;6(1):e02419-14.
doi: 10.1128/mBio.02419-14.

Dynamics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by delivery mode and gestational duration and are associated with subsequent adiposity

Shaillay Dogra  1 , Olga Sakwinska  2 , Shu-E Soh  3 , Catherine Ngom-Bru  2 , Wolfram M Brück  2 , Bernard Berger  2 , Harald Brüssow  2 , Yung Seng Lee, Fabian Yap  4 , Yap-Seng Chong, Keith M Godfrey  5 , Joanna D Holbrook  6 ; GUSTO Study Group
Collaborators, Affiliations

Dynamics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by delivery mode and gestational duration and are associated with subsequent adiposity

"VSports app下载" Shaillay Dogra et al. mBio. .

Abstract

We found that the relatively simple microbiota of young infants shifts predictably to a more mature anaerobic microbiota during infancy and the dynamics of this shift are influenced by environmental factors. In this longitudinal study of 75 infants, we demonstrate high interindividual variability within the normal range of birth outcomes, especially in the rate of microbiota progression. Most had acquired a microbiota profile high in Bifidobacterium and Collinsella by 6 months of age, but the time point of this acquisition was later in infants delivered by caesarean section and those born after a shorter duration of gestation. Independently of the delivery mode and gestation duration, infants who acquired a profile high in Bifidobacterium and Collinsella at a later age had lower adiposity at 18 months of age VSports手机版. .

Importance: This study shows that the acquisition of the early microbiota is strongly influenced by environmental factors such as the delivery mode and duration of gestation, even in healthy neonates. The composition of the early microbiota has been linked with long-lasting effects on health and disease. Here we show that the rate of acquisition of certain microbiota predicts adiposity at 18 months of age and so potentially the risk of later obesity V体育安卓版. .

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Figures

FIG 1
FIG 1
(A) Unsupervised clustering of all samples and all taxa reveals three clusters. Z score-normalized data for all detected taxa are displayed in a heat map with black denoting the minimum value, yellow denoting the average value, and red denoting the maximum value. Each row is a sample, and each column is a taxon. Both taxa and samples are clustered by UPGMA with euclidean distance. A sample dendrogram is shown on the right. The sample dendrogram is pruned at distance 238 (chosen by eye) to reveal three deep-rooted clusters. The clusters are pink, green, and blue and numbered 1, 2, and 3 from the top down. (B) The time point was strongly associated with cluster membership (P = 1.38−20). Pie charts show the proportions of samples at each time point that were classified in each of the three clusters. Sections are colored as in panel A, i.e., magenta for cluster 1, green for cluster 2, and blue for cluster 3, as well as labeled by cluster number. For example, 60% of the day 3 samples were in cluster 2 and no month 6 samples were in cluster 2; meanwhile, 88% of the month 6 samples were in cluster 3 and 26% of the day 3 samples were in cluster 3. (C) Individuals progress from cluster 2 to cluster 3 with some intermediate cluster 1 and much interindividual rate variation. Each horizontal line represents one subject. Each square is colored to reflect the cluster the subject was classified into at each time point. The squares are colored as in panels A and B, i.e., magenta for cluster 1, green for cluster 2, and blue for cluster 3. A progression from cluster 2 (green) to cluster 3 (blue) is typical, but some subjects start at cluster 3 (blue) and some progress through cluster 1 (magenta).
FIG 2
FIG 2
(A) The time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached is associated with the delivery mode (P = 0.046). On the x axis is the time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached by each individual, and on the y axis are the proportions of individuals who were born by caesarean delivery (grey) and vaginal delivery (black). (B) Bifidobacterium OTU001 levels are higher in vaginally delivered infants at day 3 than in infants delivered by caesarean section (P = 0.042). The delivery mode is on the x axis, and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium OTU001 at day 3 is on the y axis. (C) Klebsiella OTU002 levels are lower in vaginally delivered infants at day 3 than in infants delivered by caesarean section (P = 5.8E−6). The delivery mode is on the x axis, and the relative abundance of Klebsiella OTU002 at day 3 is on the y axis. (D) The time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached is associated with gestational age (P = 0.016). On the x axis is the time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached by each individual, and on the y axis is the gestational age in weeks. (E) Streptococcus levels are negatively correlated with gestational age at week 3 (P = 0.011). The gestational age is on the x axis, and the relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus at day 3 is on the y axis. (F) The time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached is associated with infant skinfold thickness at 18 months (P = 0.01). On the x axis is the time point at which a cluster 3 profile is reached by each individual, and on the y axis is infant subscapular skinfold thickness in millimeters at 18 months. For reference, the WHO median subscapular skinfold thickness at 18 months of age of 6.15 mm is denoted by the thick grey line and thin grey lines denote 1 standard deviation from the median (5.15 and 7.5 mm). (G) Month 6 Streptococcus levels are positively correlated with the difference in skinfold thickness (millimeters) between 18 and 0 months (i.e., 18-month skinfold thickness minus neonatal skinfold thickness) (P = 0.018). The difference in skinfold thickness between 18 and 0 months is on the x axis, and the relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus at month 6 is on the y axis.
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