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. 2014 Nov 22;281(1795):20141988.
doi: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1988.

"V体育官网" Biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in New York City's Central Park are similar to those observed globally

Kelly S Ramirez  1 , Jonathan W Leff  2 , Albert Barberán  3 , Scott Thomas Bates  4 , Jason Betley  5 , Thomas W Crowther  6 , Eugene F Kelly  7 , Emily E Oldfield  6 , E Ashley Shaw  8 , Christopher Steenbock  9 , Mark A Bradford  6 , Diana H Wall  10 , Noah Fierer  11
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Biogeographic patterns in below-ground diversity in New York City's Central Park are similar to those observed globally

"V体育2025版" Kelly S Ramirez et al. Proc Biol Sci. .

Abstract

Soil biota play key roles in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, however, compared to our knowledge of above-ground plant and animal diversity, the biodiversity found in soils remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we present an assessment of soil biodiversity and biogeographic patterns across Central Park in New York City that spanned all three domains of life, demonstrating that even an urban, managed system harbours large amounts of undescribed soil biodiversity. Despite high variability across the Park, below-ground diversity patterns were predictable based on soil characteristics, with prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities exhibiting overlapping biogeographic patterns. Further, Central Park soils harboured nearly as many distinct soil microbial phylotypes and types of soil communities as we found in biomes across the globe (including arctic, tropical and desert soils) VSports手机版. This integrated cross-domain investigation highlights that the amount and patterning of novel and uncharacterized diversity at a single urban location matches that observed across natural ecosystems spanning multiple biomes and continents. .

Keywords: 16S rRNA gene; 18S rRNA gene; Archaea; Bacteria; Eukarya; soil biodiversity V体育安卓版. .

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"V体育安卓版" Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Central Park soils harbour high levels of undescribed biodiversity, with predictable biogeographic patterns. (a) Map of the 596 sampling locations in Central Park. Green coloured points indicate samples used in the comparison against the global sample set. (b) Of all bacterial and archaeal species, only 16.2% of sequences matched the Greengenes database. Likewise, of the eukaryotic species found in Central Park, only 8.5% of sequences matched the SILVA database. Histograms of (c) bacterial and archaeal and (d) eukaryotic observed number of phylotypes by samples (α-diversity) across the Park.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Central Park soil diversity is similar to soil communities from other biomes. Phylotype accumulation curves for (a) bacterial and archaeal communities, and (b) eukaryotic communities from Central Park (green) and global soils (blue). Relative abundances of the most dominant (c) bacterial and archaeal taxa, and (d) eukaryotic taxa from Central Park (green) and global soil sample set (blue).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Phylogenetic overlap between Central Park and global soil communities. The phylogenetic trees of (a) bacterial and archaeal phylotypes, and (b) eukaryotic phylotypes show approximate evolutionary relationships among taxa observed in Central Park and the global soil datasets. Dominant clades are indicated with unique colours (inner ring). The outer ring is coloured grey to represent if a phylotype was found in both Central Park and in the global soil sample set, green if found only in Central Park or blue if found only in the global soil sample set.
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