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. 2014 May 30:11:26.
doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-11-26.

Pharmacokinetics, clearance, and biosafety of polyethylene glycol-coated hollow gold nanospheres

Jian You, Jialin Zhou, Min Zhou, Yang Liu, J David Robertson, Dong Liang, Carolyn Van Pelt  1 , Chun Li
Affiliations

Pharmacokinetics, clearance, and biosafety of polyethylene glycol-coated hollow gold nanospheres

Jian You et al. Part Fibre Toxicol. .

VSports手机版 - Abstract

Objective: Gold nanoparticles have attracted enormous interest as potential theranostic agents. However, little is known about the long-term elimination and systemic toxicity of gold nanoparticles in the literature. Hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) is a class of photothermal conducting agent that have shown promises in photoacoustic imaging, photothermal ablation therapy, and drug delivery. It's very necessary to make clear the biosafety of HAuNS for its further application. VSports手机版.

Methods: We investigated the cytotoxicity, complement activation, and platelet aggregation of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated HAuNS (PEG-HAuNS, average diameter of 63 nm) in vitro and their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, organ elimination, hematology, clinical chemistry, acute toxicity, and chronic toxicity in mice V体育安卓版. .

Results: PEG-HAuNS did not induce detectable activation of the complement system and did not induce detectable platelet aggregation. The blood half-life of PEG-HAuNS in mice was 8. 19 ± 1 V体育ios版. 4 hr. The single effective dose of PEG-HAuNS in photothermal ablation therapy was determined to be 12. 5 mg/kg. PEG-HAuNS caused no adverse effects after 10 daily intravenous injections over a 2-week period at a dose of 12. 5 mg/kg per injection (accumulated dose: 125 mg/kg). Quantitative analysis of the muscle, liver, spleen, and kidney revealed that the levels of Au decreased 45. 2%, 28. 6%, 41. 7%, and 40. 8%, respectively, from day 14 to day 90 after the first intravenous injection, indicating that PEG-HAuNS was slowly cleared from these organs in mice. .

Conclusion: Our data support the use of PEG-HAuNS as a promising photothermal conducting agent VSports最新版本. .

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Figures (V体育官网入口)

Figure 1
Figure 1
Characterization of HAuNS. A: Absorption spectra of HAuNS. B: Scanning electron micrograph images of HAuNS. C and D: Low- and high-resolution TEM images of HAuNS.
Figure 2
Figure 2
In vitro complement activation and platelet aggregation assays. A: Complement activation assay of PEG-HAuNS (1 mg/mL). The nanoparticles did not result in the detectable activation of a complement system. PC, positive control (cobra venom), NC, negative control (PBS). B: Platelet aggregation in the presence of PEG-HAuNS. PEG-HAUNS under tested concentrations did not induce platelet aggregation. C: PEG-HAUNS under tested concentrations did not interfere with collagen-induced platelet aggregation. PC, positive control (collagen).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of PEG-HAuNS. A: Blood level profiles of 64Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS. The data are expressed as a percentage of the injected dose (5.0 mL/kg of 50 OD PEG-HAuNS, 1.25 mg/mL) per gram of blood (%ID/g) and are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 8). B: Biodistribution of 64Cu-labeled PEG-HAuNS in mice at 24 h after intravenous injection (n = 6).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Antitumor activity of PEG-HAuNS against Hey tumors in nude mice. A: Hey tumor growth curves in mice treated with saline (n = 7), and PEG-HAuNS at doses ranging from 5 mL/kg of 25 OD (n = 7, 3.125 mg/kg), 50 OD (n = 8, 6.25 mg/kg), and 100 OD (n = 8, 12.5 mg/kg). All tumors received NIR laser illumination from the tumor’s surface (2.5 W/cm2, for 3 min) at 24 h after a single dose nanoparticle injection. B: Average weight of tumors in saline- and PEG-HAuNS-treated groups on day 10 after NIR laser illumination. C: Photographs of excised tumors on day 10 after NIR laser illumination. D: Percentage change in mean body weight.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Liver pigment. A: Arrows point to pigment in both 14-day and 90-day liver tissues. The 14-day tissue has more Kupffer cells filled with pigment. The 90-day tissue has pigment but fewer Kupffer cells with pigment. B: Section of liver pigment stained with PAS, Perl’s iron, Schmorl’s, and acid fast. Schmorl's stain has some of the slightly blue reaction for lipofuscin, but the other lipofuscin stains (PAS, acid fast) do not have the characteristic color for lipofuscin. The Perl’s iron stain is negative for iron. Magnification: ×400.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Clearance of Au nanoparticles from mice. A: Representative transmission electron microscopy images of liver tissues from PEG-HAuNS- and saline-treated mice at the 14-day time point. Au nanoparticles and pigment were found only in the PEG-HAuNS-treated mice, indicating that the pigment in the macrophages of the liver (Kupffer cells) was attributed to PEG-HAuNS. B: Au concentration (ppm) in various dried tissue samples from male (n = 3) and female (n = 3) mice at day 14 and day 90 after the first injection of PEG-HAuNS. The p values (two tailed student’s t-test) are provided in the graphs. C: Tissue concentration of Au expressed as percentage of injected dose per gram drug tissue (%ID/g) obtained from both female and male mice (n = 6). ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Pigment in lung and heart. A: The image on the left is from a 14-day-PEG-HAuNS-treated animal with peribronchiolar inflammation. Arrow points to pigment. B: Arrow points to pigment in lung tissue from a 90-day-PEG-HAuNS-treated animal. Magnification: ×400.
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