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Review
. 2014 Dec;140(12):1989-95.
doi: 10.1007/s00432-014-1699-y. Epub 2014 May 11.

V体育安卓版 - An emerging understanding of long noncoding RNAs in kidney cancer

Shuigen Zhou  1 , Jiandong Wang, Zhengyu Zhang
Affiliations
Review

An emerging understanding of long noncoding RNAs in kidney cancer

Shuigen Zhou et al. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2014 Dec.

Abstract (VSports手机版)

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome and are emerging as new players in tumorigenesis VSports手机版. .

Methods: An electronic search of all relevant publications in peer-reviewed journals before April 2014 was performed on PubMed, Google scholar databases. The keywords of long-coding RNAs, lncRNAs, kidney tumor, renal cancers were used for searching V体育安卓版. .

Results: The lncRNA biology was introduced into cancer biology from contemporary research, and the regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs was highlighted at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and epigenetic levels V体育ios版. The kidney cancer-associated onco-lncRNAs (e. g. , KCQN1OT1, MALAT-1 and HOTAIT) and tumor suppressive lncRNAs (e. g. , H19, GAS5 and MEG3) were summarized and their possible regulatory network was depicted in a comprehensive diagram. .

Conclusion: LncRNAs are deregulated in various cancers including kidney cancer, demonstrating both oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles, thus suggesting their aberrant expression may be a substantial contributor in cancer development. LncRNAs could serve as potential diagnostics biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets VSports最新版本. .

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

"V体育安卓版" Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The mechanisms of action of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs): LncRNAs may serve as scaffold molecules that bring together proteins complexes with different enzymatic activities through cis-regulation, as in the case of XIST, an ncRNA whose expression marks active silencing during X chromosomal inactivation; or trans-regulation such as HOTAIR, which recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 and lysine demethylase LSD1 to specific genomic loci. LncRNAs can act as molecular decoys sequestering-specific DNA binding proteins, such as Gas5, which inhibits the action of the glucocorticoid receptor. LncRNAs can also guide transcript factors, as in the case of the ncRNA SRA that coactivates nuclear receptors as part of a ribonucleoprotein complex. In addition, lncRNAs can post-transcriptionally regulate mRNAs such as mRNA degradation, mRNA translation
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in cancer biology. Functional studies of lncRNAs determined their biological roles of aberrant expression during cancer development and progression. A subset of lncRNAs, whose expressions are increased in cancer, have observed oncogenic effects such as MALAT-1, HOTAIR. While, a subset of lncRNAs, whose expressions are decrease in cancer, exhibits tumor suppressor effects such as MEG3, GAS5. Few lncRNAs such as H19 has been found to have either oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects depending on the certain cellular content
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Illustration of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) changes during kidney tumorigenesis. In normal renal cell, the imprinting lncRNA H19, MEG3 are maternally expressed and KCNQ1OT1 is paternally expression, which repress their neighboring genes IGF2, DLK1 and Kcnq1 expression, respectively. In certain kidney tumors, H19, MEG3 or KCNQ1OT1 gene expression is silent, and both allelic of IGF2, DLK1 or Kcnq1 gene are expressed, leading to gain the proliferation advantage. On the other hand, MALAT-1-TFEB fusion, the changing of HOTAIR, GAS5 and HIF-1alpha-AS1 and AS2 expression also were found to contribute kidney tumorigenesis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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