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Review
. 2013 Dec 9:4:440.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00440.

VSports手机版 - An Update on PYRIN Domain-Containing Pattern Recognition Receptors: From Immunity to Pathology

Rojo A Ratsimandresy  1 , Andrea Dorfleutner  1 , Christian Stehlik  2
Affiliations
Review

An Update on PYRIN Domain-Containing Pattern Recognition Receptors: From Immunity to Pathology

Rojo A Ratsimandresy et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sense a wide range of endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns as well as exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In particular, Nod-like receptors containing a pyrin domain (PYD), called NLRPs, and AIM2-like receptors (ALRs) have been shown to play a critical role in host defense by facilitating clearance of pathogens and maintaining a healthy gut microflora. NLRPs and ALRs both encode a PYD, which is crucial for relaying signals that result in an efficient innate immune response through activation of several key innate immune signaling pathways. However, mutations in these PRRs have been linked to the development of auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases VSports手机版. In addition, they have been implicated in metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the function of PYD-containing NLRPs and ALRs and address their contribution to innate immunity, host defense, and immune-linked diseases. .

Keywords: AIM2-like receptor; ALR; NLR; Nod-like receptor; PYRIN domain; inflammasome; innate immunity; pattern recognition receptor V体育安卓版. .

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Domain architecture of PYD-containing proteins involved in innate immunity. Depicted are human and mouse (A) Nod-like receptors, (B) AIM2-like receptors, and (C) regulatory proteins.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanism of NLRP1 activation in human and mice. MDP, muramyl dipeptide; LF, lethal factor; PA, protective antigen.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanism of NLRP3 activation in response to pathogen infection.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanism of NLRP3 activation in response to endogenous and exogenous danger signals.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Function of NLRP6, NLRP10, and NLRP12 in intestinal homeostasis and dendritic cell (DC) homing.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of NLRP7.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Signaling of AIM2 and IFI16 leading to inflammasome activation and induction of IFNβ in response to bacterial and viral infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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