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. 2013 Oct 11;8(10):e76367.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076367. eCollection 2013.

Viral RNA levels and env variants in semen and tissues of mature male rhesus macaques infected with SIV by penile inoculation

Francis Fieni  1 , Mars Stone, Zhong-Min Ma, Joseph Dutra, Linda Fritts, Christopher J Miller
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V体育ios版 - Viral RNA levels and env variants in semen and tissues of mature male rhesus macaques infected with SIV by penile inoculation

"VSports注册入口" Francis Fieni et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

HIV is shed in semen but the anatomic site of virus entry into the genital secretions is unknown. We determined viral RNA (vRNA) levels and the envelope gene sequence in the SIVmac 251 viral populations in the genital tract and semen of 5 adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) that were infected after experimental penile SIV infection. Paired blood and semen samples were collected from 1-9 weeks after infection and the monkeys were necropsied eleven weeks after infection. The axillary lymph nodes, testes, epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles were collected and vRNA levels and single-genome analysis of the SIVmac251 env variants was performed. At the time of semen collection, blood vRNA levels were between 3 VSports手机版. 09 and 7. 85 log10 vRNA copies/ml plasma. SIV RNA was found in the axillary lymph nodes of all five monkeys and in 3 of 5 monkeys, all tissues examined were vRNA positive. In these 3 monkeys, vRNA levels (log10 SIVgag copies/ug of total tissue RNA) in the axillary lymph node (6. 48 ± 0. 50) were significantly higher than in the genital tract tissues: testis (3. 67 ± 2. 16; p<0. 05), epididymis (3. 08 ± 1. 19; p<0. 0001), prostate (3. 36 ± 1. 30; p<0. 01), and seminal vesicle (2. 67 ± 1. 50; p<0. 0001). Comparison of the SIVmac251 env viral populations in blood plasma, systemic lymph node, and genital tract tissues was performed in two of the macaques. Visual inspection of the Neighbor-Joining phylograms revealed that in both animals, all the sequences were generally distributed evenly among all tissue compartments. Importantly, viral populations in the genital tissues were not distinct from those in the systemic tissues. Our findings demonstrate striking similarity in the viral populations in the blood and male genital tract tissues within 3 months of penile SIV transmission. .

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Highlighter plots of SGA derived env sequences from macaque 36338.
(A) Highlighter plot of SIV env nucleotide sequences from blood plasma (red), epididymis (purple), axillary lymph node (green), prostate (yellow), seminal vesicle (blue) and testis (orange) in male macaque 36338, 11 weeks post infection with SIVmac251. Individual nucleotide polymorphisms are indicated by green (adenine), red (thymine), yellow (guanine), or blue (cytosine) ticks and are in comparison to master sequence 1BP11_01. Gaps are indicated in gray. (B) Highlighter plot of SIV env amino acid sequences from tissues.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Neighbor Joining tree of SGA derived env sequences from macaque 36338.
Midpoint rooted Neighbor-joining trees of the env sequences from SIVmac251 infected animal 36338 at 11 weeks post infection. Bar represents 0.001 nucleotide substitutions per site.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Highlighter plots of SGA derived env sequences from macaque 36199.
(A) Highlighter plot of SIV env nucleotide sequences from blood plasma (red), epididymis (purple), axillary lymph node (green), prostate (yellow), seminal vesicle (blue) and testis (orange) in male macaque 36199. Sequences from blood plasma and seminal plasma are from 5, 8, 9, and 11 weeks post-infection. Sequences from epididymis, axillary lymph node, prostate, and testis were taken 11 weeks post-infection with SIVmac251. Individual nucleotide polymorphisms are indicated by green (adenine), red (thymine), yellow (guanine), or blue (cytosine) ticks and are in comparison to master sequence 4BP05_01. Gaps are indicated in gray. (B) Highlighter plot of SIV env amino acid sequences from tissues.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Neighbor joining tree of SGA derived env sequences from macaque 36199.
Midpoint rooted Neighbor-joining tree of the env sequences from SIVmac251 infected animal 36199, 11 weeks post-infection. Bar represents 0.001 nucleotide substitutions per site.
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