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. 2013 Apr 8:4:85.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00085. eCollection 2013.

Regulation of inflammation by adenosine (VSports)

György Haskó  1 , Bruce Cronstein
Affiliations

Regulation of inflammation by adenosine

György Haskó et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Adenosine, a purine nucleoside generated by the dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides, is a potent endogenous physiologic and pharmacologic regulator of many functions. Adenosine was first reported to inhibit the inflammatory actions of neutrophils nearly 30 years ago and since then the role of adenosine and its receptors as feedback regulators of inflammation has been well established VSports手机版. Here we review the effects of adenosine, acting at its receptors, on neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage function in inflammation. Moreover, we review the role of adenosine in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of methotrexate, the anchor drug in the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis and other inflammatory disorders. .

Keywords: adenosine; adenosine receptors; macrophages; monocytes; neutrophils. V体育安卓版.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of methotrexate on adenosine release. Methotrexate is actively transported into the cell where it is polyglutamated; MTX polyglutamate is a potent inhibitor of AMP deaminase. Accumulation of AICAR, an intermediate metabolite in de novo purine biosynthesis, leads to enhanced release of adenine nucleotides which are released into the extracellular space and converted to adenosine. MTXglu, methotrexate polyglutamates; DHFglu, dihydrofolate polyglutamates; AICAR, aminoimidazole carboxamidoribonucleotide; FAICAR, formyl AICAR; RFC1, reverse folate carrier 1; ADA, adenosine deaminase; AK, adenosine kinase; NTPDase, nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase; ecto-5′NT, ecto-5′nucleotidase.
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