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. 2013 Jul:60:195-200.
doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.02.024. Epub 2013 Mar 1.

Microbial regulation of host hydrogen sulfide bioavailability and metabolism

Xinggui Shen  1 , Mattias Carlström, Sara Borniquel, Cecilia Jädert, Christopher G Kevil, Jon O Lundberg
Affiliations

Microbial regulation of host hydrogen sulfide bioavailability and metabolism

Xinggui Shen et al. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013 Jul.

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), generated through various endogenous enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways, is emerging as a regulator of physiological and pathological events throughout the body. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract also produce significant amounts of H2S that regulates microflora growth and virulence responses. However, the impact of the microbiota on host global H2S bioavailability and metabolism remains unknown. To address this question, we examined H2S bioavailability in its various forms (free, acid labile, or bound sulfane sulfur), cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) activity, and cysteine levels in tissues from germ-free versus conventionally housed mice VSports手机版. Free H2S levels were significantly reduced in plasma and gastrointestinal tissues of germ-free mice. Bound sulfane sulfur levels were decreased by 50-80% in germ-free mouse plasma and adipose and lung tissues. Tissue CSE activity was significantly reduced in many organs from germ-free mice, whereas tissue cysteine levels were significantly elevated compared to conventional mice. These data reveal that the microbiota profoundly regulates systemic bioavailability and metabolism of H2S. .

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V体育安卓版 - Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Various biochemical forms of H2S bioavailability
H2S exists in different biochemical forms within biological systems that can be classified based on chemical properties and/or structure. Freely available H2S represents gaseous H2S and its HS− anion, acid labile sulfide represents iron-sulfur clusters and persulfides, and bound sulfane sulfur represents thiol sulfides, polysulfides, sulfate/sulfite, and bound elemental sulfur.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Plasma H2S bioavailable pools in conventional and germ free mice
Panels A–C illustrate plasma free H2S, acid labile sulfide and bound sulfane sulfur levels, respectively, between conventional versus germ free mice. The amount of bioavailable H2S pools is normalized to mg total protein. **p<0.01, n=10.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Organ tissue free H2S levels in conventional and germ free mice
Multiple organs were collected from conventional and germ free mice, and free H2S measured that was normalized to mg total protein. ^p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of free H2S in conventional mice. ∨p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of free H2S in germ free mice. ***p<0.001 conventional versus germ free tissue levels. n=10.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Organ tissue acid labile and bound sulfane sulfur levels in conventional and germ free mice
Panel A illustrates tissue concentrations of acid labile sulfide levels reported as nanomoles per mg total protein between conventional and germ free mice. ^p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of acid labile sulfide in conventional mice. ∨p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of acid labile sulfide in germ free mice. Panel B shows tissue concentrations of bound sulfane sulfur levels reported as nanomoles per mg total protein between conventional and germ free mice. ^p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of bound sulfane sulfur in conventional mice. ∨p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of bound sulfane sulfur in germ free mice. *p<0.05 conventional versus germ free bound sulfane sulfur levels. n=10.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Organ tissue CSE activity and cysteine levels in conventional and germ free mice
Panel A reports differences in tissue CSE enzyme activity levels as reported as nanomoles of substrate consumed per mg of total protein. ^p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of CSE enzyme activity in conventional mice. ∨p<0.05 tissues with significantly higher amounts of CSE enzyme activity in germ free mice. *p<0.05 and **p<0.01 conventional versus germ free tissue CSE enzyme activity. Panel B illustrates tissue cysteine levels as nanomoles per mg of total protein between conventional and germ free mice. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 and ***p<0.001 conventional versus germ free tissue cysteine levels. n=10.
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