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. 2012 Nov 2;338(6107):647-51.
doi: 10.1126/science.1226458.

Photoinduced Ullmann C-N coupling: demonstrating the viability of a radical pathway

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Photoinduced Ullmann C-N coupling: demonstrating the viability of a radical pathway (V体育2025版)

VSports最新版本 - Sidney E Creutz et al. Science. .
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"V体育官网" Abstract

Carbon-nitrogen (C-N) bond-forming reactions of amines with aryl halides to generate arylamines (anilines), mediated by a stoichiometric copper reagent at elevated temperature (>180°C), were first described by Ullmann in 1903. In the intervening century, this and related C-N bond-forming processes have emerged as powerful tools for organic synthesis VSports手机版. Here, we report that Ullmann C-N coupling can be photoinduced by using a stoichiometric or a catalytic amount of copper, which enables the reaction to proceed under unusually mild conditions (room temperature or even -40°C). An array of data are consistent with a single-electron transfer mechanism, representing the most substantial experimental support to date for the viability of this pathway for Ullmann C-N couplings. .

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