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Review
. 2013 Feb;1830(2):2435-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.09.002. Epub 2012 Sep 12.

Signaling mechanisms regulating adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis

Roland Faigle  1 , Hongjun Song
Affiliations
Review

Signaling mechanisms regulating adult neural stem cells and neurogenesis

Roland Faigle et al. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Feb.

Abstract

Background: Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in discrete regions of the mammalian brain and is tightly regulated via both extrinsic environmental influences and intrinsic genetic factors VSports手机版. In recent years, several crucial signaling pathways have been identified in regulating self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as migration and functional integration of developing neurons in the adult brain. .

Scope of review: Here we review our current understanding of signaling mechanisms, including Wnt, notch, sonic hedgehog, growth and neurotrophic factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, neurotransmitters, transcription factors, and epigenetic modulators, and crosstalk between these signaling pathways in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. We also highlight emerging principles in the vastly growing field of adult neural stem cell biology and neural plasticity V体育安卓版. .

Major conclusions: Recent methodological advances have enabled the field to identify signaling mechanisms that fine-tune and coordinate neurogenesis in the adult brain, leading to a better characterization of both cell-intrinsic and environmental cues defining the neurogenic niche. Significant questions related to niche cell identity and underlying regulatory mechanisms remain to be fully addressed and will be the focus of future studies. V体育ios版.

General significance: A full understanding of the role and function of individual signaling pathways in regulating neural stem cells and generation and integration of newborn neurons in the adult brain may lead to targeted new therapies for neurological diseases in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells. VSports最新版本.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus and the Subventricular Zone of the Lateral Ventricle
Shown is a schematic diagram illustrating the sequential steps underlying the process of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus (1A) and the subventricular zone (1B). Figure 1A shows the transition from a radial-like glia cell to neural progenitor cell in the adult SGZ, as well as subsequent stages of neuronal differentiation, maturation and migration. Figure 1B illustrates self-renewal and differentiation of SVZ NSCs and subsequent maturation and migration along the RMS. The expression of cell-specific markers during the various stages of development is shown. The actions of major molecular regulators as well as crosstalk between various molecular players during various stages of adult hippocampal (1A) and subventricular zone (1B) neurogenesis are also presented. GCL, granule cell layer; ML, molecular layer; OB, olfactory bulb; RMS, rostral migratory stream; SGZ, subgranular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone.
Figure 1
Figure 1. Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus and the Subventricular Zone of the Lateral Ventricle
Shown is a schematic diagram illustrating the sequential steps underlying the process of neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus (1A) and the subventricular zone (1B). Figure 1A shows the transition from a radial-like glia cell to neural progenitor cell in the adult SGZ, as well as subsequent stages of neuronal differentiation, maturation and migration. Figure 1B illustrates self-renewal and differentiation of SVZ NSCs and subsequent maturation and migration along the RMS. The expression of cell-specific markers during the various stages of development is shown. The actions of major molecular regulators as well as crosstalk between various molecular players during various stages of adult hippocampal (1A) and subventricular zone (1B) neurogenesis are also presented. GCL, granule cell layer; ML, molecular layer; OB, olfactory bulb; RMS, rostral migratory stream; SGZ, subgranular zone; SVZ, subventricular zone.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References (V体育ios版)

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