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Review
. 2012 Jun 1;366(1):10-21.
doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.03.014. Epub 2012 Mar 30.

Induction of the neural crest state: control of stem cell attributes by gene regulatory, post-transcriptional and epigenetic interactions

Maneeshi S Prasad  1 , Tatjana Sauka-Spengler, Carole LaBonne
Affiliations
Review

Induction of the neural crest state: control of stem cell attributes by gene regulatory, post-transcriptional and epigenetic interactions (VSports手机版)

"V体育平台登录" Maneeshi S Prasad et al. Dev Biol. .

Abstract (VSports手机版)

Neural crest cells are a population of multipotent stem cell-like progenitors that arise at the neural plate border in vertebrates, migrate extensively, and give rise to diverse derivatives such as melanocytes, craniofacial cartilage and bone, smooth muscle, peripheral and enteric neurons and glia. The neural crest gene regulatory network (NC-GRN) includes a number of key factors that are used reiteratively to control multiple steps in the development of neural crest cells, including the acquisition of stem cell attributes VSports手机版. It is therefore essential to understand the mechanisms that control the distinct functions of such reiteratively used factors in different cellular contexts. The context-dependent control of neural crest specification is achieved through combinatorial interaction with other factors, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, and the epigenetic status and chromatin state of target genes. Here we review the current understanding of the NC-GRN, including the role of the neural crest specifiers, their links to the control of "stemness," and their dynamic context-dependent regulation during the formation of neural crest progenitors. .

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A, B Gene regulatory network (GRN) view of regulatory networks involved in neural crest induction using data from multiple vertebrate models. GRNs show active genes and interactions (white) inactive genes and interactions (grey) in neural plate border (A) and premigratory neural crest (B) stages, and include neural plate border specifiers (green) and neural crest specifiers (red). The GRN summarizes both perturbation data (dashed lines) and cis-regulatory data (solid lines) from different model systems. Proteins denoted by white circles, intracellular interactions by double arrows extracellular ligands by diamond shape. Indirect or presumed interactions depicted by dashed line. The model was build using BioTapestry software (Longabaugh et al., 2009).
Figure 1
Figure 1
A, B Gene regulatory network (GRN) view of regulatory networks involved in neural crest induction using data from multiple vertebrate models. GRNs show active genes and interactions (white) inactive genes and interactions (grey) in neural plate border (A) and premigratory neural crest (B) stages, and include neural plate border specifiers (green) and neural crest specifiers (red). The GRN summarizes both perturbation data (dashed lines) and cis-regulatory data (solid lines) from different model systems. Proteins denoted by white circles, intracellular interactions by double arrows extracellular ligands by diamond shape. Indirect or presumed interactions depicted by dashed line. The model was build using BioTapestry software (Longabaugh et al., 2009).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Summary of regulatory inputs leading to the formation of the neural crest progenitor population. The neural plate border region receive signals from neural and non-neural ectoderm, and underlying mesoderm, to establish a zone of competence at the neural plate border that expresses border specifiers including Pax3/7, Dlx3/5, Zic1, Msx1, AP2α.. Neural plate border specifiers function together with extracellular signals to induce the expression of neural crest specifiers, including Pax3/7, Id, Snail1/2, Sox9/10, FoxD3, Twist, several of which have links to the establishment of stem cell attributes in multiple systems. Post-transcriptional, post-translational and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms play key roles in both the establishment of the zone of competence at the neural plate border, and the induction of the neural crest progenitor population within the border region. P-phosphorylation, SU-SUMOylation, Ub-ubiquitination.
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