Nucleophilic aryl fluorination and aryl halide exchange mediated by a Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle
- PMID: 22026511
- DOI: 10.1021/ja2058567
Nucleophilic aryl fluorination and aryl halide exchange mediated by a Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed halide exchange reactions under very mild reaction conditions are described for the first time using a family of model aryl halide substrates. All combinations of halide exchange (I, Br, Cl, F) are observed using catalytic amounts of Cu(I) VSports手机版. Strikingly, quantitative fluorination of aryl-X substrates is also achieved catalytically at room temperature, using common F(-) sources, via the intermediacy of aryl-Cu(III)-X species. Experimental and computational data support a redox Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle involving aryl-X oxidative addition at the Cu(I) center, followed by halide exchange and reductive elimination steps. Additionally, defluorination of the aryl-F model system can be also achieved with Cu(I) at room temperature operating under a Cu(I)/Cu(III) redox pair. .
© 2011 American Chemical Society
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