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Review
. 2011 Jul;4(4):371-82.
doi: 10.1038/mi.2011.2. Epub 2011 Feb 9.

Development of protective immunity to Salmonella, a mucosal pathogen with a systemic agenda

A J Griffin  1 , S J McSorley
Affiliations
Review

Development of protective immunity to Salmonella, a mucosal pathogen with a systemic agenda

A J Griffin et al. Mucosal Immunol. 2011 Jul.

Abstract

Salmonella infections can cause a range of intestinal and systemic diseases in human and animal hosts. Although some Salmonella serovars initiate a localized intestinal inflammatory response, others use the intestine as a portal of entry to initiate a systemic infection. Considerable progress has been made in understanding bacterial invasion and dissemination strategies, as well as the nature of the Salmonella-specific immune response to oral infection. Innate and adaptive immunity are rapidly initiated after oral infection, but these effector responses can also be hindered by bacterial evasion strategies. Furthermore, although Salmonella resides within intramacrophage phagosomes, recent studies have highlighted a surprising collaboration of CD4 Th1, Th17, and B-cell responses in mediating resistance to Salmonella infection. VSports手机版.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Comparison of Salmonella infection following gavage inoculation or water bottle administration
Groups of C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with 5×107 cfu of virulent S. typhimurium (SL1344) by gavage needle while other mice were supplied with drinking water contaminated with SL1344 (1×107 cfu/ml). Organs were harvested at the indicated time points after infection and bacterial loads were determined by plating organ homogenates on MacConkey’s agar. Data show individual mice and mean bacterial load +/− SD per time point.
Figure 2
Figure 2. M cell-mediated entry of Salmonella in the small intestine
Salmonella use SPI-1 gene products to induce uptake and destruction of M cells localized over Peyer’s patches, Solitary Isolated Lymphoid Tissues (SILTs), or scattered throughout the small intestine. The relative importance of these pathways to Salmonella uptake is likely to be Peyer’s patches, followed by SILTs, with intravillus M cells playing a minor role. After entering the underlying tissue, Salmonella are engulfed by phagocytes, including dendritic cells, which can transport bacteria to the draining mesenteric lymph nodes via the afferent lymphatics.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Salmonella-specific CD4 T cells acquire the capacity to produce IFN-γ in response to various stimuli
Salmonella infection induces the expansion of antigen-specific CD4 T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. These activated CD4 T cells acquire the ability to home to sites of infection and produce IFN-γ in order to activate infected macrophages. Restimulation of these activated (CD11aHI) Salmonella-specific CD4 T cells can occur (1) following ligation of the TCR, or can be initiated by bacterial products such as LPS. It is not yet clear whether this involves (2) direct recognition of PAMPs by activated T cells or (3) a response to inflammatory mediators such as IL-12 and IL-18.
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