Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be related to chronic inflammation and immune-mediated conditions, and its pathogenesis involves T-cell activation and proliferation. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and costimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86) genes are important mediators of T-cell activation in the immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate whether +2379G/C (rs17281995) and +1057G/A (rs1129055) in CD86 and -318C/T (rs5742909) and +49A/G (rs231775) in CTLA-4 genes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with COPD in a Chinese population. The four polymorphisms were identified in 396 COPD patients and 400 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The frequency of the T allele of the -318C/T in CTLA-4 and the A allele of the +1057G/A in CD86 polymorphisms showed significant association with COPD when compared with controls (T allele: p < 0. 0001; A allele: p = 0. 009). Comparison of genotype frequencies showed that -318CT, +1057GA, and +1057AA genotype was overrepresented in the COPD group, respectively (-318CT: 50. 8% vs 28. 5%, p < 0 VSports手机版. 0001; +1057GA: 58. 6% vs 54. 2%, p = 0. 002; +1057AA: 30. 1% vs 25. 8%, p = 0. 002). However, we failed to find any association between the four SNPs and COPD when cases were classified by smoking status or clinical stages (p > 0. 05). The results indicate that the polymorphisms of CTLA-4 (-318C/T) and CD86 (+1057G/A) may be important genetic factor associated with risk or protection for COPD in Chinese population. .