Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The . gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in VSports app下载. gov or . mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. .

Https

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely V体育官网. .

Review
. 2010 Jan 4;127(2):85-92.
doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.09.009. Epub 2009 Oct 7.

Trans-presentation: a novel mechanism regulating IL-15 delivery and responses

Spencer W Stonier  1 , Kimberly S Schluns
Affiliations
Review

Trans-presentation: a novel mechanism regulating IL-15 delivery and responses

"VSports" Spencer W Stonier et al. Immunol Lett. .

Abstract

Interleukin (IL)-15 is a cytokine that acts on a wide range of cell types but is most crucial for the development, homeostasis, and function of a specific group of immune cells that includes CD8 T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and CD8 alpha alpha intraepithelial lymphocytes. IL-15 signals are transmitted through the IL-2/15R beta and common gamma (gamma C) chains; however, it is the delivery of IL-15 to these signaling components that is quite unique. As opposed to other cytokines that are secreted, IL-15 primarily exists bound to the high affinity IL-15R alpha. When IL-15/IL-15R alpha complexes are shuttled to the cell surface, they can stimulate opposing cells through the beta/gamma C receptor complex. This novel mechanism of IL-15 delivery has been called trans-presentation VSports手机版. This review discusses how the theory of trans-presentation came to be, evidence that it is the major mechanism of action, the current understanding of the cell types thought to mediate trans-presentation, and possible alternatives for IL-15 delivery. .

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. IL-15 Trans-presentation and other speculative mechanisms of IL-15 delivery
Cartoon depicts the interface between two cell surfaces with possible scenarios mediating (A-C) or inhibiting (D) IL-15 responses. A) For trans-presentation, IL-15Rα and IL-15 encounter each other in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are transported to the cell surface where the cell surface complex can stimulate neighboring cells through the IL-15Rβ/γC. B) Cis-presentation has been suggested where IL-15 is presented by IL-15Rα on the same cell; this mechanisms may utilize IL-15 derived from autocrine or paracrine sources. C) IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes can be generated artificially and act as agonist to stimulate neighboring cells. D) Cleaved, empty IL-15Rα may act as a sink to bind sIL-15 and antagonize IL-15 activity. The depiction of the interaction between IL-15Rα and IL-15 is stylized and not reflective of protein structural studies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Fehniger TA, Suzuki K, Ponnappan A, VanDeusen JB, Cooper MA, Florea SM, et al. Fatal leukemia in interleukin 15 transgenic mice follows early expansions in natural killer and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. J Exp Med. 2001 Jan 15;193(2):219–31. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Nishimura H, Yajima T, Naiki Y, Tsunobuchi H, Umemura M, Itano K, et al. Differential roles of interleukin 15 mRNA isoforms generated by alternative splicing in immune responses in vivo. J Exp Med. 2000 Jan 3;191(1):157–70. - V体育安卓版 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Giri JG, Kumaki S, Ahdieh M, Friend DJ, Loomis A, Shanebeck K, et al. Identification and cloning of a novel IL-15 binding protein that is structurally related to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. EMBO J. 1995 Aug 1;14(15):3654–63. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Giri JG, Ahdieh M, Eisenman J, Shanebeck K, Grabstein K, Kumaki S, et al. Utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor by the novel cytokine IL-15. EMBO J. 1994 Jun 15;13(12):2822–30. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Takeshita T, Ohtani K, Asao H, Kumaki S, Nakamura M, Sugamura K. An associated molecule, p64, with IL-2 receptor beta chain. Its possible involvement in the formation of the functional intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor complex. J Immunol. 1992 Apr 1;148(7):2154–8. - PubMed

Substances

"V体育官网入口" LinkOut - more resources