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. 2009 Aug 14;10(1):76.
doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-76.

VSports - Effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial function of pulmonary arteries in the guinea pig

Elisabet Ferrer  1 , Víctor Ivo Peinado, Marta Díez, Josep Lluís Carrasco, Melina Mara Musri, Anna Martínez, Robert Rodríguez-Roisin, Joan Albert Barberà
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Effects of cigarette smoke on endothelial function of pulmonary arteries in the guinea pig

Elisabet Ferrer et al. Respir Res. .

Abstract

Background: Cigarette smoking may contribute to pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by altering the structure and function of pulmonary vessels at early disease stages. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to cigarette smoke on endothelial function and smooth muscle-cell proliferation in pulmonary arteries of guinea pigs. VSports手机版.

Methods: 19 male Hartley guinea pigs were exposed to the smoke of 7 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week, for 3 and 6 months. 17 control guinea pigs were sham-exposed for the same periods. Endothelial function was evaluated in rings of pulmonary artery and aorta as the relaxation induced by ADP. The proliferation of smooth muscle cells and their phenotype in small pulmonary vessels were evaluated by immunohistochemical expression of alpha-actin and desmin. Vessel wall thickness, arteriolar muscularization and emphysema were assessed morphometrically V体育安卓版. The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was evaluated by Real Time-PCR. .

Results: Exposure to cigarette smoke reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in pulmonary arteries (ANOVA p < 0. 05) but not in the aorta. Endothelial dysfunction was apparent at 3 months of exposure and did not increase further after 6 months of exposure. Smoke-exposed animals showed proliferation of poorly differentiated smooth muscle cells in small vessels (p < 0. 05) after 3 months of exposure. Prolonged exposure resulted in full muscularization of small pulmonary vessels (p < 0. 05), wall thickening (p < 0. 01) and increased contractility of the main pulmonary artery (p < 0. 05), and enlargement of the alveolar spaces. Lung expression of eNOS was decreased in animals exposed to cigarette smoke. V体育ios版.

Conclusion: In the guinea pig, exposure to cigarette smoke induces selective endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary arteries, smooth muscle cell proliferation in small pulmonary vessels and reduced lung expression of eNOS VSports最新版本. These changes appear after 3 months of exposure and precede the development of pulmonary emphysema. .

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V体育平台登录 - Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Endothelial function of pulmonary and aorta arteries. Relaxation of main pulmonary artery and aorta to cumulative doses of adenosine-5'-diphosphate (ADP) expressed as % of contraction to norepinephrine (NE). Upper panels show dose-response curves of pulmonary arteries in smoke exposed (continuous line) and control (dashed line) animals at 3 (A) and 6 months (B) of exposure. Lower panels show dose-response curves of aorta at 3 (C) and 6 months (D) of exposure. Values are mean ± SEM.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Morphometry of pulmonary artery. Hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of main pulmonary artery (upper panels) and aorta (lower panels) from control (A and C) and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed (B and D) guinea pigs. Whereas, pulmonary artery of the exposed animal shows prominent thickening of the arterial wall, no difference in wall thickness is noticed in the aorta. Scale bar, 100 μm. (E) Correlation between the contraction to KCl and the wall thickness of the main pulmonary artery in control (black symbols) and CS-exposed (grey symbols) animals after 6 months of exposure.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Double elastic lamina presence in small intrapulmonary arteries. Orcein stain of small pulmonary vessels in a control guinea pig (A) and an animal exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) (B). In the exposed animal a double elastic lamina is present, indicating full muscularization of the vessel. Scale bar, 50 μm. (C) Bar graph shows the number of vessels with double elastic laminas expressed as a percentage of the total number of vessels. The number of vessels with double elastic laminas was higher in guinea pigs exposed to CS for 6 months. * p < 0.05 compared with control group. Values are mean ± SEM.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Smooth muscle cell proliferation in small intrapulmonary arteries. Immunohistochemistry for α-actin in small vessels of a control guinea pig (A) and an animal exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) (B). The vessel of the exposed animal shows a thicker wall with a strong immunoreactivity to α-actin. Scale bar, 50 μm. Bar graphs show the number of vessels/mm2 with positive immunoreactivity to α-actin (C) and desmin (D) in control and CS-exposed guinea pigs, for 3 and 6 months of exposure. * p < 0.05 compared with control group. Values are mean ± SEM.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Gene expression of eNOS in whole lungs evaluated by real time-PCR. Bars show the expression of the eNOS gene, normalized by the expression of β-actin (β-act) gene. Compared with control guinea pigs, the expression of eNOS was reduced in animals exposed to cigarette smoke, both at 3 and 6 months of exposure. * p < 0.05, compared with control group. Values are mean ± SEM.
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VSports手机版 - References

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